1989 AIME 第 8 题

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8.

x1x_1x2x_2\ldotsx7x_7 为满足下列条件的实数:

x1+4x2+9x3+16x4+25x5+36x6+49x7=1,4x1+9x2+16x3+25x4+36x5+49x6+64x7=12,9x1+16x2+25x3+36x4+49x5+64x6+81x7=123\begin{aligned}x_1+4x_2+9x_3&\\+16x_4+25x_5&\\+36x_6+49x_7&=1,\\4x_1+9x_2+16x_3&\\+25x_4+36x_5&\\+49x_6+64x_7&=12,\\9x_1+16x_2+25x_3&\\+36x_4+49x_5&\\+64x_6+81x_7&=123\end{aligned}\text{。}

求下式的值:

16x1+25x2+36x3+49x4+64x5+81x6+100x7.\begin{aligned}16x_1+25x_2+36x_3&\\+49x_4+64x_5&\\+81x_6+100x_7.&\end{aligned}

Assume that x1,x_1, x2,x_2, ,\ldots, x7x_7 are real numbers such that

x1+4x2+9x3+16x4+25x5+36x6+49x7=1,4x1+9x2+16x3+25x4+36x5+49x6+64x7=12,9x1+16x2+25x3+36x4+49x5+64x6+81x7=123.\begin{aligned}x_1+4x_2+9x_3&\\+16x_4+25x_5&\\+36x_6+49x_7&=1,\\4x_1+9x_2+16x_3&\\+25x_4+36x_5&\\+49x_6+64x_7&=12,\\9x_1+16x_2+25x_3&\\+36x_4+49x_5&\\+64x_6+81x_7&=123.\end{aligned}

Find the value of

16x1+25x2+36x3+49x4+64x5+81x6+100x7.\begin{aligned}16x_1+25x_2+36x_3&\\+49x_4+64x_5&\\+81x_6+100x_7.&\end{aligned}

答案:334
知识点:找规律多项式方程组
难度评级:2230
小提示:

S(t)=i=17(i+t)2xiS(t)=\sum_{i=1}^7(i+t)^2x_i

Let S(t)=i=17(i+t)2xiS(t)=\sum_{i=1}^7(i+t)^2x_i

大提示:

S(t)S(t) 是关于 tt 的二次式,所以它的二阶有限差分为常数

Because S(t)S(t) is quadratic in t,t, its second finite differences are constant

解答:

定义 S(t)=i=17(i+t)2xiS(t)=\sum_{i=1}^7(i+t)^2x_i。这是关于 tt 的二次多项式,而题中方程给出 S(0)=1S(0)=1S(1)=12S(1)=12S(2)=123S(2)=123。前两个一阶差分为 1111111111,所以恒定的二阶差分为 100100。因而下一个一阶差分是 211211,得到 S(3)=123+211=334S(3)=123+211=334

Define S(t)=i=17(i+t)2xi.S(t)=\sum_{i=1}^7(i+t)^2x_i. This is a quadratic polynomial in t,t, and the equations say S(0)=1,S(0)=1, S(1)=12,S(1)=12, and S(2)=123.S(2)=123. Its first two differences are 1111 and 111,111, so the constant second difference is 100.100. The next first difference is therefore 211,211, giving S(3)=123+211=334.S(3)=123+211=334.

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