1986 AIME 第 8 题

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8.

SS10000001000000 的所有真因数以 1010 为底的对数之和。最接近 SS 的整数是多少?

Let SS be the sum of the base 1010 logarithms of all the proper divisors of 1000000.1000000. What is the integer nearest to S?S?

答案:141
知识点:因数个数对数质因数分解
难度评级:1950
小提示:

分解 10000001000000 的质因数,并计算其所有正因数的个数

Factor 10000001000000 and count all of its positive divisors

大提示:

将每个因数 dd 与其互补因数 1000000d\frac{1000000}{d} 配对

Pair every divisor dd with its complementary divisor 1000000d\frac{1000000}{d}

解答:

N=1000000=2656N=1000000=2^6 5^6。它有 (6+1)(6+1)=49(6+1)(6+1)=49 个正因数。所有正因数的乘积为 N492N^{\frac{49}{2}},因而它们以 1010 为底的对数之和为 492log10N=4926=147 \frac{49}{2}\log_{10}N=\frac{49}{2}\cdot6=147\text{。}真因数包括 11,但不包括 NN 本身。减去 log10N=6\log_{10}N=6S=141S=141,它已经是整数。

Let N=1000000=2656.N=1000000=2^6 5^6. It has (6+1)(6+1)=49(6+1)(6+1)=49 positive divisors. The product of all of them is N492,N^{\frac{49}{2}}, so the sum of their base-1010 logarithms is 492log10N=4926=147. \frac{49}{2}\log_{10}N=\frac{49}{2}\cdot6=147. The proper divisors include 11 but exclude NN itself. Subtracting log10N=6\log_{10}N=6 gives S=141,S=141, already an integer.

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