1995 AIME 第 8 题

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8.

有多少个正整数有序对 (x,y)(x,y) 满足 y<x100y<x\leq100,并且 xy\frac{x}{y}x+1y+1\frac{x+1}{y+1} 都是整数?

For how many ordered pairs of positive integers (x,y),(x,y), with y<x100,y<x\leq100, are both xy\frac{x}{y} and x+1y+1\frac{x+1}{y+1} integers?

答案:85
知识点:整除性取整函数数对计数
难度评级:2060
小提示:

x=ayx=ay,并将 x+1x+1y+1y+1 化简

Write x=ayx=ay and reduce x+1x+1 modulo y+1y+1

大提示:

aa 必须形如 1+t(y+1)1+t(y+1);计算 tt 的正整数取值数

The quotient aa must have the form 1+t(y+1)1+t(y+1); count the possible positive values of tt

解答:

x=ayx=ay。模 y+1y+1 时,y1y\equiv-1,所以 x+1x+1 能被 y+1y+1 整除当且仅当 a1(mody+1)a\equiv1\pmod {y+1}。由于 x>yx>y,可令 a=1+t(y+1)a=1+t(y+1),其中 t1t\geq1。条件 x100x\leq100 化为 t100yy(y+1)t\leq\left\lfloor\frac{100-y}{y(y+1)}\right\rfloor\text{。}只有 1y91\leq y\leq9 会有贡献,得到 49+16+8+4+3+2+1+1+1=85\begin{aligned}49+16+8&+4+3\\&+2+1+1+1\\&=85\end{aligned}\text{。}

Write x=ay.x=ay. Modulo y+1,y+1, we have y1,y\equiv-1, so x+1x+1 is divisible by y+1y+1 exactly when a1(mody+1).a\equiv1\pmod {y+1}. Since x>y,x>y, write a=1+t(y+1)a=1+t(y+1) with t1.t\geq1. The bound x100x\leq100 becomes t100yy(y+1).t\leq\left\lfloor\frac{100-y}{y(y+1)}\right\rfloor. Only 1y91\leq y\leq9 contribute, giving 49+16+8+4+3+2+1+1+1=85.\begin{aligned}49+16+8&+4+3\\&+2+1+1+1\\&=85.\end{aligned}

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