2008 AIME I 第 8 题

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8.

求正整数 nn,使得 arctan⁡13+arctan⁡14+arctan⁡15+arctan⁡1n=π4。 \begin{aligned} &\arctan\frac{1}{3} + \arctan\frac{1}{4} \\ &\quad {}+ \arctan\frac{1}{5} + \arctan\frac{1}{n} = \frac{\pi}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}

Find the positive integer nn such that arctan⁡13+arctan⁡14+arctan⁡15+arctan⁡1n=π4. \begin{aligned} &\arctan\frac{1}{3} + \arctan\frac{1}{4} \\ &\quad {}+ \arctan\frac{1}{5} + \arctan\frac{1}{n} = \frac{\pi}{4}. \end{aligned}

答案:47
知识点:三角学三角恒等式
难度评级:2360
小提示:

每次合并两项,使用 arctan⁡x+arctan⁡y\arctan x + \arctan y =arctan⁡x+y1−xy= \arctan\frac{x + y}{1 - xy}(这里所有乘积 xyxy 都很小)

Combine two terms at a time using arctan⁡x+arctan⁡y\arctan x + \arctan y =arctan⁡x+y1−xy= \arctan\frac{x + y}{1 - xy} (valid here since all products xyxy are small)

大提示:

前三个反正切之和为 arctan⁡2324\arctan\frac{23}{24};最后一项必须把它补到 arctan⁡1\arctan 1

The first three arctangents sum to arctan⁡2324;\arctan\frac{23}{24}; the last term must top it up to arctan⁡1\arctan 1

解答:

对于正数 x,yx, y,当 xy<1xy \lt 1 时,正切加法公式给出 arctan⁡x+arctan⁡y\arctan x + \arctan y =arctan⁡x+y1−xy= \arctan\frac{x + y}{1 - xy}。应用两次:arctan⁡13+arctan⁡14=arctan⁡13+141−112=arctan⁡711,arctan⁡711+arctan⁡15=arctan⁡711+151−755=arctan⁡2324。 \begin{aligned} &\arctan\frac{1}{3} + \arctan\frac{1}{4} \\ &= \arctan\frac{\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}}{1 - \frac{1}{12}} \\ &= \arctan\frac{7}{11}, \\ &\arctan\frac{7}{11} + \arctan\frac{1}{5} \\ &= \arctan\frac{\frac{7}{11} + \frac{1}{5}}{1 - \frac{7}{55}} \\ &= \arctan\frac{23}{24} \end{aligned}\text{。}

方程变为 arctan⁡2324\arctan\frac{23}{24} +arctan⁡1n=arctan⁡1+ \arctan\frac{1}{n} = \arctan 1,所以 2324+1n1−2324n=1\frac{\frac{23}{24} + \frac{1}{n}}{1 - \frac{23}{24n}} = 1。清除分母得 23n+24=24n−2323n + 24 = 24n - 23,因此 n=47n = 47。

For positive x,yx, y with xy<1,xy \lt 1, the tangent addition formula gives arctan⁡x+arctan⁡y\arctan x + \arctan y =arctan⁡x+y1−xy.= \arctan\frac{x + y}{1 - xy}. Applying it twice: arctan⁡13+arctan⁡14=arctan⁡13+141−112=arctan⁡711,arctan⁡711+arctan⁡15=arctan⁡711+151−755=arctan⁡2324. \begin{aligned} &\arctan\frac{1}{3} + \arctan\frac{1}{4} \\ &= \arctan\frac{\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}}{1 - \frac{1}{12}} \\ &= \arctan\frac{7}{11}, \\ &\arctan\frac{7}{11} + \arctan\frac{1}{5} \\ &= \arctan\frac{\frac{7}{11} + \frac{1}{5}}{1 - \frac{7}{55}} \\ &= \arctan\frac{23}{24}. \end{aligned}

The equation becomes arctan⁡2324\arctan\frac{23}{24} +arctan⁡1n=arctan⁡1,+ \arctan\frac{1}{n} = \arctan 1, so 2324+1n1−2324n=1.\frac{\frac{23}{24} + \frac{1}{n}}{1 - \frac{23}{24n}} = 1. Clearing denominators, 23n+24=24n−23,23n + 24 = 24n - 23, giving n=47.n = 47.

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