2011 AIME II 第 8 题

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8.

z1z_1z2z_2z3z_3\ldotsz12z_{12} 为多项式 z12236z^{12} - 2^{36}1212 个零点。对每个 jj,令 wjw_j 等于 zjz_jizj\mathrm{i}z_j。那么 j=112wj\sum_{j=1}^{12} w_j 的实部的最大可能值可以写成 m+nm + \sqrt{n},其中 mmnn 是正整数。求 m+nm + n

Let z1,z_1, z2,z_2, z3,z_3, ,\ldots, z12z_{12} be the 1212 zeroes of the polynomial z12236.z^{12} - 2^{36}. For each j,j, let wjw_j be one of zjz_j or izj.\mathrm{i}z_j. Then the maximum possible value of the real part of j=112wj\sum_{j=1}^{12} w_j can be written as m+n,m + \sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:784
知识点:单位根复数最优化
难度评级:2560
小提示:

这些零点是 8(cosπj6+isinπj6)8\big(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6} + \mathrm{i}\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\big),且 iz\mathrm{i}z 的实部是 zz 的虚部的相反数。

The zeroes are 8(cosπj6+isinπj6),8\big(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6} + \mathrm{i}\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\big), and the real part of iz\mathrm{i}z is minus the imaginary part of zz

大提示:

对每个 jj 独立地选取 8cosπj68\cos\frac{\pi j}{6}8sinπj6-8\sin\frac{\pi j}{6} 中较大的那个。

For each jj independently take the larger of 8cosπj68\cos\frac{\pi j}{6} and 8sinπj6-8\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}

解答:

这些零点为 zj=8(cosπj6+isinπj6)z_j = 8\left(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6} + \mathrm{i}\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\right),其中 j=1j = 1\ldots1212,并且 Re(izj)=Im(zj)\operatorname{Re}(\mathrm{i}z_j) = -\operatorname{Im}(z_j)。因为各个选择彼此独立,和的实部最大值为 j8max(cosπj6,sinπj6)\sum_j 8\max\left(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6},\, -\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\right)

比较两个值,sinπj6-\sin\frac{\pi j}{6} 恰好在 j=5j = 5\ldots1010 时更大。保留的余弦值对应 j=1j = 122334411111212,其和为 32+12+012+32+1=1+3 \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + 0 - \frac{1}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + 1 = 1 + \sqrt{3} \end{aligned}\text{,}保留的 sinπj6-\sin\frac{\pi j}{6} 值对应 j=5j = 5\ldots1010,其和为 12+0+12+32+1+32=1+3 \begin{aligned} &-\frac{1}{2} + 0 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ 1 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = 1 + \sqrt{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

最大值为 8(2+23)=16+163=16+768 \begin{aligned} &8\left(2 + 2\sqrt{3}\right) \\ &= 16 + 16\sqrt{3} \\ &= 16 + \sqrt{768} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 m+n=16+768=784m + n = 16 + 768 = 784

The zeroes are zj=8(cosπj6+isinπj6)z_j = 8\left(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6} + \mathrm{i}\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\right) for j=1,j = 1, ,\ldots, 12,12, and Re(izj)=Im(zj).\operatorname{Re}(\mathrm{i}z_j) = -\operatorname{Im}(z_j). Since the choices are independent, the maximum real part of the sum is j8max(cosπj6,sinπj6).\sum_j 8\max\left(\cos\frac{\pi j}{6},\, -\sin\frac{\pi j}{6}\right).

Comparing the two values, sinπj6-\sin\frac{\pi j}{6} is larger exactly for j=5,j = 5, ,\ldots, 10.10. The cosines kept, for j=1,j = 1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 11,11, and 12,12, sum to 32+12+012+32+1=1+3, \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + 0 - \frac{1}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + 1 = 1 + \sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} and the values sinπj6-\sin\frac{\pi j}{6} kept, for j=5,j = 5, ,\ldots, 10,10, sum to 12+0+12+32+1+32=1+3. \begin{aligned} &-\frac{1}{2} + 0 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ 1 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = 1 + \sqrt{3}. \end{aligned}

The maximum is 8(2+23)=16+163=16+768, \begin{aligned} &8\left(2 + 2\sqrt{3}\right) \\ &= 16 + 16\sqrt{3} \\ &= 16 + \sqrt{768}, \end{aligned} so m+n=16+768=784.m + n = 16 + 768 = 784.

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