1986 AIME 第 9 题

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9.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=425AB=425BC=450BC=450,且 AC=510AC=510。取内部一点 PP,并过 PP 作分别平行于三角形三边的线段。若这三条线段的长度都等于 dd,求 dd

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=425,AB=425, BC=450,BC=450, and AC=510.AC=510. An interior point PP is drawn, and segments are drawn through PP parallel to the sides of the triangle. If these three segments have equal length d,d, find d.d.

答案:306
知识点:代数变形面积比相似
难度评级:2350
小提示:

PP 到三条边的垂直距离分别用对应高归一化

Normalize the perpendicular distances from PP to the three sides

大提示:

平行于一条边的截线长度等于该边长乘以一减去对应的归一化距离

A cross-section parallel to a side has length equal to that side times one minus the corresponding normalized distance

解答:

a=BC=450a=BC=450b=CA=510b=CA=510,且 c=AB=425c=AB=425。令 xxyyzz 分别为 PPBCBCCACAABAB 的距离与对应高的比值。由面积分解可得 x+y+z=1x+y+z=1

由相似三角形,过 PP 且平行于 BCBC 的线段长为 a(1x)a(1-x),同理另外两条线段的长度分别为 b(1y)b(1-y)c(1z)c(1-z)。三者都等于 dd,所以 x=1da,y=1db,z=1dc \begin{aligned} x&=1-\frac da,\\ y&=1-\frac db,\\ z&=1-\frac dc \end{aligned}\text{。}三者之和为 11,因而 d=2abcab+bc+ca d=\frac{2abc}{ab+bc+ca}\text{。}代入三条边长,得 d=195075000637500=306 \begin{aligned} d&=\frac{195075000}{637500}\\ &=306 \end{aligned}\text{。}

Write a=BC=450,a=BC=450, b=CA=510,b=CA=510, and c=AB=425.c=AB=425. Let x,x, y,y, and zz be the distances from PP to BC,BC, CA,CA, and AB,AB, respectively, each divided by the corresponding altitude. Area decomposition gives x+y+z=1.x+y+z=1.

By similar triangles, the segment through PP parallel to BCBC has length a(1x),a(1-x), and similarly the other two lengths are b(1y)b(1-y) and c(1z).c(1-z). Since all three equal d,d, x=1da,y=1db,z=1dc. \begin{aligned} x&=1-\frac da,\\ y&=1-\frac db,\\ z&=1-\frac dc. \end{aligned} Their sum is 1,1, so d=2abcab+bc+ca. d=\frac{2abc}{ab+bc+ca}. Substituting the three side lengths gives d=195075000637500=306. \begin{aligned} d&=\frac{195075000}{637500}\\ &=306. \end{aligned}

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