1992 AIME 第 9 题

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9.

梯形 ABCDABCD 的边长满足 AB=92AB=92BC=50BC=50CD=19CD=19AD=70AD=70,且 ABAB 平行于 CDCD。作一个圆,其圆心 PP 位于 ABAB 上,并与 BCBCADAD 都相切。已知 AP=mnAP=\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 m+nm+n

Trapezoid ABCDABCD has sides AB=92,AB=92, BC=50,BC=50, CD=19,CD=19, and AD=70,AD=70, with ABAB parallel to CD.CD. A circle with center PP on ABAB is drawn tangent to BCBC and AD.AD. Given that AP=mn,AP=\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, find m+n.m+n.

答案:164
知识点:坐标几何梯形相切圆
难度评级:2230
小提示:

ABAB 放在 xx 轴上,比较点 PP 到两腰的距离

Put ABAB on the xx-axis and compare the distances from PP to the two legs

大提示:

梯形的公共高会约去,所得方程只涉及 APAPPBPB 以及两腰的长度

The common trapezoid height cancels, leaving an equation involving APAP and PBPB divided by the leg lengths

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(92,0)B=(92,0),并设梯形的高为 hh。若 P=(p,0)P=(p,0),则该点到两腰 ADADBCBC 的垂直距离分别为 hp70\frac{hp}{70}h(92p)50\frac{h(92-p)}{50}。圆与两腰都相切,所以这两个距离相等,即 p70=92p50\frac p{70}=\frac{92-p}{50}\text{。}因此 120p=6440120p=6440,且 AP=p=1613AP=p=\frac{161}{3}。所以 m+n=161+3=164m+n=161+3=164

Put A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(92,0),B=(92,0), and let the height of the trapezoid be h.h. If P=(p,0),P=(p,0), its perpendicular distances to legs ADAD and BCBC are hp70\frac{hp}{70} and h(92p)50,\frac{h(92-p)}{50}, respectively. Tangency to both legs makes these equal, so p70=92p50.\frac p{70}=\frac{92-p}{50}. Hence 120p=6440120p=6440 and AP=p=1613.AP=p=\frac{161}{3}. Therefore m+n=161+3=164.m+n=161+3=164.

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