1992 AIME 第 10 题

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10.

在复平面上,区域 AA 由所有满足以下条件的点 zz 组成:z40\frac{z}{40}40z\frac{40}{\overline z} 的实部与虚部都在 0011 之间(含端点)。最接近区域 AA 面积的整数是多少?

Consider the region AA in the complex plane that consists of all points zz such that both z40\frac{z}{40} and 40z\frac{40}{\overline z} have real and imaginary parts between 00 and 1,1, inclusive. What is the integer that is nearest the area of A?A?

答案:572
知识点:复数圆面积容斥原理
难度评级:2650
小提示:

写成 z=x+iyz=x+iy;第一个条件给出一个正方形,第二个条件给出两个圆形区域对应的不等式

Write z=x+iyz=x+iy; the first condition gives a square, and the second gives two circle inequalities

大提示:

40404040 的正方形中减去两个半圆的并集,并计入它们透镜形的重叠部分

Subtract from the 4040-by-4040 square the union of two semicircles, accounting for their lens-shaped overlap

解答:

写成 z=x+iyz=x+iy。关于 z40\frac{z}{40} 的条件给出 0x400\leq x\leq400y400\leq y\leq40。由于 40z=40xx2+y2+i40yx2+y2\frac{40}{\overline z}=\frac{40x}{x^2+y^2}+i\frac{40y}{x^2+y^2}\text{,}另一个条件要求 x2+y240xx^2+y^2\geq40x,且 x2+y240yx^2+y^2\geq40y。因此,需要从正方形中去掉两个半径为 2020 的半圆。

这两个半圆的重叠部分,是由两个半径为 2020、圆心相距 20220\sqrt2 的圆所形成的透镜形,其面积为 200π400200\pi-400。因此,被去掉的并集面积为 400π(200π400)400\pi-(200\pi-400),也就是 200π+400200\pi+400。令 KK 表示区域 AA 的面积,则 K=1600(200π+400)=1200200π571.68\begin{aligned}K&=1600-(200\pi+400)\\&=1200-200\pi\\&\approx571.68\end{aligned}\text{。}最接近的整数是 572572

Write z=x+iy.z=x+iy. The condition on z40\frac{z}{40} gives 0x400\leq x\leq40 and 0y40.0\leq y\leq40. Since 40z=40xx2+y2+i40yx2+y2,\frac{40}{\overline z}=\frac{40x}{x^2+y^2}+i\frac{40y}{x^2+y^2}, the other condition requires x2+y240xx^2+y^2\geq40x and x2+y240y.x^2+y^2\geq40y. Thus, within the square, we remove two semicircles of radius 20.20.

Their overlap is the lens formed by two radius-2020 circles whose centers are 20220\sqrt2 apart. Its area is 200π400.200\pi-400. Hence the removed union has area 400π(200π400)400\pi-(200\pi-400), or 200π+400.200\pi+400. Let KK denote the area of A.A. Then K=1600(200π+400)=1200200π571.68.\begin{aligned}K&=1600-(200\pi+400)\\&=1200-200\pi\\&\approx571.68.\end{aligned} The nearest integer is 572.572.

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