2016 AIME II 第 10 题

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10.

三角形 ABCABC 内接于圆 ω\omega。点 PP 与 QQ 在边 AB‾\overline{AB} 上,且 AP<AQAP \lt AQ。射线 CPCP 与 CQCQ 分别再次交 ω\omega 于 SS 与 TT(不同于 CC)。若 AP=4AP = 4、PQ=3PQ = 3、QB=6QB = 6、BT=5BT = 5、AS=7AS = 7,则 ST=mnST = \frac{m}{n},其中 mm 与 nn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n。

Triangle ABCABC is inscribed in circle ω.\omega. Points PP and QQ are on side AB‾\overline{AB} with AP<AQ.AP \lt AQ. Rays CPCP and CQCQ meet ω\omega again at SS and TT (other than CC), respectively. If AP=4,AP = 4, PQ=3,PQ = 3, QB=6,QB = 6, BT=5,BT = 5, and AS=7,AS = 7, then ST=mn,ST = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:43
知识点:圆幂圆内接四边形导角相似
难度评级:3060
小提示:

把 ABAB 延长过 BB 到 RR,使 BR=8BR = 8。则 QP⋅QR=42=QC⋅QTQP \cdot QR = 42 = QC \cdot QT,所以 CC、PP、TT、RR 共圆。

Extend ABAB past BB to RR with BR=8.BR = 8. Then QP⋅QR=42=QC⋅QT,QP \cdot QR = 42 = QC \cdot QT, so C,C, P,P, T,T, RR lie on a circle.

大提示:

在两个圆中追角,可得 △AST∼△RBT\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT,所以 ST=AS⋅BTRBST = AS \cdot \frac{BT}{RB}

Chase angles through both circles to get △AST∼△RBT,\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT, so ST=AS⋅BTRBST = AS \cdot \frac{BT}{RB}

解答:

由 QQ 对圆 ω\omega 的幂,QC⋅QT=QA⋅QBQC \cdot QT = QA \cdot QB =7⋅6=42= 7 \cdot 6 = 42。将 AB‾\overline{AB} 向 BB 外延长到点 RR,使 BR=8BR = 8,于是 QR=QB+BR=14QR = QB + BR = 14,且 QP⋅QR=3⋅14QP \cdot QR = 3 \cdot 14 =42=QC⋅QT= 42 = QC \cdot QT。由点幂定理的逆定理,CC、PP、TT、RR 共圆。

在圆 CPTRCPTR 中,∠BRT=∠PRT=∠PCT\angle BRT = \angle PRT = \angle PCT;在 ω\omega 中,∠PCT=∠SCT=∠SAT\angle PCT = \angle SCT = \angle SAT(它们都对弧 STST)。此外 ASTBASTB 共圆,所以这个四边形在 BB 处的外角等于对面的内角:∠RBT=∠AST\angle RBT = \angle AST。因此 △AST∼△RBT\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT。

因此 STBT=ASRB\frac{ST}{BT} = \frac{AS}{RB},所以 ST=5⋅78=358ST = 5 \cdot \frac{7}{8} = \frac{35}{8},从而 m+n=35+8=43m + n = 35 + 8 = 43。

By Power of a Point at QQ in ω,\omega, QC⋅QT=QA⋅QBQC \cdot QT = QA \cdot QB =7⋅6=42.= 7 \cdot 6 = 42. Extend AB‾\overline{AB} beyond BB to the point RR with BR=8,BR = 8, so that QR=QB+BR=14QR = QB + BR = 14 and QP⋅QR=3⋅14QP \cdot QR = 3 \cdot 14 =42=QC⋅QT.= 42 = QC \cdot QT. By the converse of Power of a Point, C,C, P,P, T,T, and RR are concyclic.

In circle CPTR,CPTR, ∠BRT=∠PRT=∠PCT,\angle BRT = \angle PRT = \angle PCT, and in ω,\omega, ∠PCT=∠SCT=∠SAT\angle PCT = \angle SCT = \angle SAT (both subtend arc STST). Also ASTBASTB is cyclic, so the exterior angle of the quadrilateral at BB equals the opposite interior angle: ∠RBT=∠AST.\angle RBT = \angle AST. Hence △AST∼△RBT.\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT.

Therefore STBT=ASRB,\frac{ST}{BT} = \frac{AS}{RB}, so ST=5⋅78=358,ST = 5 \cdot \frac{7}{8} = \frac{35}{8}, and m+n=35+8=43.m + n = 35 + 8 = 43.

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