2026 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

设 △ABC\triangle ABC 的边长为 AB=13AB = 13、BC=14BC = 14、CA=15CA = 15。三角形 △A′B′C′\triangle A'B'C' 是将 △ABC\triangle ABC 绕其外心旋转得到的,使得 A′C′‾\overline{A'C'} 垂直于 BC‾\overline{BC},且 A′A' 和 BB 不在直线 B′C′B'C' 的同侧。求最接近六边形 AA′CC′BB′AA'CC'BB' 面积的整数。

Let △ABC\triangle ABC have side lengths AB=13,AB = 13, BC=14,BC = 14, and CA=15.CA = 15. Triangle △A′B′C′\triangle A'B'C' is obtained by rotating △ABC\triangle ABC about its circumcenter so that A′C′‾\overline{A'C'} is perpendicular to BC‾,\overline{BC}, with A′A' and BB not on the same side of line B′C′.B'C'. Find the integer closest to the area of hexagon AA′CC′BB′.AA'CC'BB'.

答案:156
知识点:坐标几何变换鞋带公式外接圆、外心与外接圆半径
难度评级:2920
小提示:

取 B=(0,0)B = (0,0)、C=(14,0)C = (14,0)、A=(5,12)A = (5,12);外心为 (7,338)\left(7, \frac{33}{8}\right),旋转会使六个顶点都留在外接圆上

Use B=(0,0),B = (0,0), C=(14,0),C = (14,0), A=(5,12);A = (5,12); the circumcenter is (7,338),\left(7, \frac{33}{8}\right), and the rotation keeps all six vertices on the circumcircle

大提示:

把方向 (3,−4)(3,-4),也就是 AC‾\overline{AC} 的方向,旋转到竖直方向;异侧条件选出 cos⁡φ=45\cos\varphi = \frac{4}{5}、sin⁡φ=−35\sin\varphi = -\frac{3}{5}。使用鞋带公式

Rotate direction (3,−4)(3,-4) of AC‾\overline{AC} to vertical; the side condition selects cos⁡φ=45,\cos\varphi = \frac{4}{5}, sin⁡φ=−35.\sin\varphi = -\frac{3}{5}. Use the shoelace formula

解答:

取 B=(0,0)B = (0,0)、C=(14,0)C = (14,0)、A=(5,12)A = (5,12)。外心在 x=7x = 7 上,令它到 BB 和到 AA 的距离相等,得到 O=(7,338)O = \left(7, \frac{33}{8}\right)。AC‾\overline{AC} 的方向为 C−A=(9,−12)C - A = (9, -12),与 (3,−4)(3, -4) 平行。旋转角 φ\varphi 后使 A′C′‾\overline{A'C'} 竖直,当且仅当它把 (3,−4)(3,-4) 送到 (0,±5)(0, \pm 5),所以 (cos⁡φ,sin⁡φ)=(45,−35)(\cos\varphi, \sin\varphi) = \left(\frac{4}{5}, -\frac{3}{5}\right) 或 (−45,35)\left(-\frac{4}{5}, \frac{3}{5}\right)。用标量叉积检查有向直线 B′C′B'C' 的两侧。对第一种旋转,(C′−B′)×(A′−B′)=168,(C′−B′)×(B−B′)=−1894; \begin{aligned} (C'-B') \times (A'-B') &= 168, \\ (C'-B') \times (B-B') &= -\frac{189}{4} \end{aligned}\text{;}对第二种旋转,这两个量分别为 168168 和 6514\frac{651}{4}。因此 A′A' 和 BB 只在 cos⁡φ=45\cos\varphi = \frac{4}{5}、sin⁡φ=−35\sin\varphi = -\frac{3}{5} 时位于直线两侧。

用这个旋转,P′=O+R(P−O)P' = O + R(P - O),三个旋转后的顶点为 A′=(818,938),A' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right)\text{,}B′=(−4340,20140),B' = \left(-\tfrac{43}{40}, \tfrac{201}{40}\right)\text{,}C′=(818,−278)。C' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, -\tfrac{27}{8}\right)\text{。} 例如,A−O=(−2,638)A - O = \left(-2, \tfrac{63}{8}\right) 旋转为 (258,152)\left(\tfrac{25}{8}, \tfrac{15}{2}\right),得到 A′=(818,938)A' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right)。

六边形 AA′CC′BB′A A' C C' B B' 以这些顶点为顺序时是简单六边形,所以对 (5,12)(5,12)、(818,938)\left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right)、(14,0)(14,0)、(818,−278)\left(\tfrac{81}{8}, -\tfrac{27}{8}\right)、(0,0)(0,0)、(−4340,20140)\left(-\tfrac{43}{40}, \tfrac{201}{40}\right) 使用鞋带公式,得到面积 155710=155.7\frac{1557}{10} = 155.7。最接近的整数为 156156。

Place B=(0,0),B = (0,0), C=(14,0),C = (14,0), A=(5,12).A = (5,12). The circumcenter lies on x=7,x = 7, and equating distances to BB and AA gives O=(7,338).O = \left(7, \frac{33}{8}\right). The direction of AC‾\overline{AC} is C−A=(9,−12),C - A = (9, -12), parallel to (3,−4).(3, -4). A rotation through φ\varphi makes A′C′‾\overline{A'C'} vertical exactly when it sends (3,−4)(3,-4) to (0,±5),(0, \pm 5), so (cos⁡φ,sin⁡φ)=(45,−35)(\cos\varphi, \sin\varphi) = \left(\frac{4}{5}, -\frac{3}{5}\right) or (−45,35).\left(-\frac{4}{5}, \frac{3}{5}\right). Use the scalar cross product to test sides of the directed line B′C′.B'C'. For the first rotation, (C′−B′)×(A′−B′)=168,(C′−B′)×(B−B′)=−1894, \begin{aligned} (C'-B') \times (A'-B') &= 168, \\ (C'-B') \times (B-B') &= -\frac{189}{4}, \end{aligned} while for the second rotation these quantities are 168168 and 6514,\frac{651}{4}, respectively. Thus A′A' and BB are on opposite sides only for cos⁡φ=45,\cos\varphi = \frac{4}{5}, sin⁡φ=−35.\sin\varphi = -\frac{3}{5}.

With this rotation, P′=O+R(P−O)P' = O + R(P - O) gives A′=(818,938),A' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right), B′=(−4340,20140),B' = \left(-\tfrac{43}{40}, \tfrac{201}{40}\right), C′=(818,−278).C' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, -\tfrac{27}{8}\right). For example, A−O=(−2,638)A - O = \left(-2, \tfrac{63}{8}\right) rotates to (258,152),\left(\tfrac{25}{8}, \tfrac{15}{2}\right), giving A′=(818,938).A' = \left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right).

The hexagon AA′CC′BB′A A' C C' B B' is simple with these vertices in order, so the shoelace formula on (5,12),(5,12), (818,938),\left(\tfrac{81}{8}, \tfrac{93}{8}\right), (14,0),(14,0), (818,−278),\left(\tfrac{81}{8}, -\tfrac{27}{8}\right), (0,0),(0,0), (−4340,20140)\left(-\tfrac{43}{40}, \tfrac{201}{40}\right) gives area 155710=155.7.\frac{1557}{10} = 155.7. The closest integer is 156.156.

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