2000 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

数列 x1x_1x2x_2x3x_3\ldotsx100x_{100} 满足:对每个从 11100100(含端点)的整数 kkxkx_k 比其余 9999 个数之和小 kk。已知 x50=mnx_{50} = \frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

A sequence of numbers x1,x_1, x2,x_2, x3,x_3, ,\ldots, x100x_{100} has the property that, for every integer kk between 11 and 100,100, inclusive, the number xkx_k is kk less than the sum of the other 9999 numbers. Given that x50=mn,x_{50} = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, find m+n.m + n.

答案:173
知识点:方程组求和
难度评级:2330
小提示:

SS 是全部 100100 个数的和,条件为 xk=Sxkkx_k = S - x_k - k

If SS is the sum of all 100100 numbers, the condition says xk=Sxkkx_k = S - x_k - k

大提示:

先用 SSkk 表示 xkx_k,再把 100100 个等式相加求 SS

Solve for xkx_k in terms of SS and k,k, then add up all 100100 equations to find SS

解答:

S=x1+x2++x100S = x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_{100}。条件给出 xk=(Sxk)kx_k = (S - x_k) - k,所以对每个 kk 都有 xk=Sk2x_k = \frac{S - k}{2}。对 k=1,,100k = 1, \ldots, 100 求和:S=100S(1+2++100)2=100S50502 \begin{aligned} S &= \frac{100S - (1 + 2 + \cdots + 100)}{2} \\ &= \frac{100S - 5050}{2} \end{aligned}\text{,}因此 98S=505098S = 5050,即 S=252549S = \frac{2525}{49}

所以 x50=S502=2525245098=7598 \begin{aligned} x_{50} &= \frac{S - 50}{2} \\ &= \frac{2525 - 2450}{98} = \frac{75}{98} \end{aligned}\text{,}该分数已最简,故 m+n=75+98=173m + n = 75 + 98 = 173

Let S=x1+x2++x100.S = x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_{100}. The condition says xk=(Sxk)k,x_k = (S - x_k) - k, so xk=Sk2x_k = \frac{S - k}{2} for every k.k. Summing over k=1,,100,k = 1, \ldots, 100, S=100S(1+2++100)2=100S50502, \begin{aligned} S &= \frac{100S - (1 + 2 + \cdots + 100)}{2} \\ &= \frac{100S - 5050}{2}, \end{aligned} so 98S=505098S = 5050 and S=252549.S = \frac{2525}{49}.

Then x50=S502=2525245098=7598, \begin{aligned} x_{50} &= \frac{S - 50}{2} \\ &= \frac{2525 - 2450}{98} = \frac{75}{98}, \end{aligned} which is in lowest terms, so m+n=75+98=173.m + n = 75 + 98 = 173.

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