2002 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

在下图中,角 ABCABC 是直角。点 DD 在 BC‾\overline{BC} 上,且 AD‾\overline{AD} 平分角 CABCAB。点 EE 和 FF 分别在 AB‾\overline{AB} 和 AC‾\overline{AC} 上,满足 AE=3AE = 3、AF=10AF = 10。已知 EB=9EB = 9、FC=27FC = 27,求最接近四边形 DCFGDCFG 面积的整数。

In the diagram below, angle ABCABC is a right angle. Point DD is on BC‾,\overline{BC}, and AD‾\overline{AD} bisects angle CAB.CAB. Points EE and FF are on AB‾\overline{AB} and AC‾,\overline{AC}, respectively, so that AE=3AE = 3 and AF=10.AF = 10. Given that EB=9EB = 9 and FC=27,FC = 27, find the integer closest to the area of quadrilateral DCFG.DCFG.

答案:148
知识点:角平分线定理面积比勾股定理
难度评级:2720
小提示:

AB=12AB = 12、AC=37AC = 37,所以 BC=35BC = 35 且 [ABC]=210[ABC] = 210。写成 [DCFG]=[ADC]−[AGF][DCFG] = [ADC] - [AGF]。

AB=12AB = 12 and AC=37,AC = 37, so BC=35BC = 35 and [ABC]=210.[ABC] = 210. Write [DCFG]=[ADC]−[AGF].[DCFG] = [ADC] - [AGF].

大提示:

两次使用角平分线定理:用 BD:DC=AB:ACBD : DC = AB : AC 处理三角形 ABCABC,再用 EG:GF=AE:AFEG : GF = AE : AF 处理三角形 AEFAEF。

Apply the angle bisector ratio twice: BD:DC=AB:ACBD : DC = AB : AC in triangle ABC,ABC, and EG:GF=AE:AFEG : GF = AE : AF in triangle AEFAEF

解答:

这里 AB=3+9=12AB = 3 + 9 = 12,AC=10+27=37AC = 10 + 27 = 37。角 BB 为直角,所以 BC=372−122=35BC = \sqrt{37^2 - 12^2} = 35,且 [ABC]=12⋅12⋅35=210[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 12 \cdot 35 = 210。这个四边形是从三角形 ADCADC 中去掉三角形 AGFAGF 后剩下的部分,其中 GG 是 AD‾\overline{AD} 与 EF‾\overline{EF} 的交点。

在三角形 ABCABC 中,由角平分线定理 BD:DC=AB:AC=12:37BD : DC = AB : AC = 12 : 37,所以 [ADC]=3749⋅210=11107[ADC] = \frac{37}{49} \cdot 210 = \frac{1110}{7}。在三角形 AEFAEF 中,射线 AGAG 平分同一个角,所以 EG:GF=AE:AF=3:10EG : GF = AE : AF = 3 : 10,从而 [AGF]=1013 [AEF][AGF] = \frac{10}{13}\,[AEF]。另外, [AEF]=AEAB⋅AFAC [ABC]=312⋅1037⋅210=52537。 \begin{aligned} [AEF] &= \frac{AE}{AB} \cdot \frac{AF}{AC}\,[ABC] \\ &= \frac{3}{12} \cdot \frac{10}{37} \cdot 210 \\ &= \frac{525}{37} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 [DCFG]=11107−1013⋅52537=11107−5250481≈158.57−10.92=147.66 \begin{aligned} [DCFG] &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{10}{13} \cdot \frac{525}{37} \\ &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{5250}{481} \\ &\approx 158.57 - 10.92 \\ &= 147.66 \end{aligned} 最接近的整数为 148148。

Here AB=3+9=12,AB = 3 + 9 = 12, AC=10+27=37,AC = 10 + 27 = 37, and angle BB is right, so BC=372−122=35BC = \sqrt{37^2 - 12^2} = 35 and [ABC]=12⋅12⋅35=210.[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 12 \cdot 35 = 210. The quadrilateral is triangle ADCADC with triangle AGFAGF removed, where GG is the intersection of AD‾\overline{AD} and EF‾.\overline{EF}.

By the angle bisector theorem in triangle ABC,ABC, BD:DC=AB:AC=12:37,BD : DC = AB : AC = 12 : 37, so [ADC]=3749⋅210=11107.[ADC] = \frac{37}{49} \cdot 210 = \frac{1110}{7}. In triangle AEF,AEF, ray AGAG bisects the same angle, so EG:GF=AE:AF=3:10EG : GF = AE : AF = 3 : 10 and [AGF]=1013 [AEF].[AGF] = \frac{10}{13}\,[AEF]. Also [AEF]=AEAB⋅AFAC [ABC]=312⋅1037⋅210=52537. \begin{aligned} [AEF] &= \frac{AE}{AB} \cdot \frac{AF}{AC}\,[ABC] \\ &= \frac{3}{12} \cdot \frac{10}{37} \cdot 210 \\ &= \frac{525}{37}. \end{aligned}

Therefore [DCFG]=11107−1013⋅52537=11107−5250481≈158.57−10.92=147.66, \begin{aligned} [DCFG] &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{10}{13} \cdot \frac{525}{37} \\ &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{5250}{481} \\ &\approx 158.57 - 10.92 \\ &= 147.66, \end{aligned} and the closest integer is 148.148.

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