2005 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

三角形 ABCABC 位于笛卡尔平面内,面积为 7070。点 BBCC 的坐标分别为 (12,19)(12, 19)(23,20)(23, 20)。点 AA 的坐标为 (p,q)(p, q)。边 BC\overline{BC} 所对应的中线所在直线斜率为 5-5。求 p+qp + q 的最大可能值。

Triangle ABCABC lies in the Cartesian plane and has area 70.70. The coordinates of BB and CC are (12,19)(12, 19) and (23,20),(23, 20), respectively, and the coordinates of AA are (p,q).(p, q). The line containing the median to side BC\overline{BC} has slope 5.-5. Find the largest possible value of p+q.p + q.

答案:47
知识点:坐标几何鞋带公式中线(几何)
难度评级:2560
小提示:

BC\overline{BC} 所对应的中线经过其中点 (352,392)\left(\frac{35}{2}, \frac{39}{2}\right),所以 AA 在直线 y=5x+107y = -5x + 107

The median to BC\overline{BC} passes through its midpoint (352,392),\left(\frac{35}{2}, \frac{39}{2}\right), so AA lies on the line y=5x+107y = -5x + 107

大提示:

写成 A=(p,5p+107)A = (p, -5p + 107),并令鞋带公式给出的面积等于 7070;此时 p+q=1074pp + q = 107 - 4p,较小的 pp 给出较大的值

Write A=(p,5p+107)A = (p, -5p + 107) and set the shoelace area equal to 70;70; then p+q=1074pp + q = 107 - 4p is larger for the smaller pp

解答:

BC\overline{BC} 所对应的中线经过 BC\overline{BC} 的中点 M=(352,392)M = \left(\frac{35}{2}, \frac{39}{2}\right)。过 MM 且斜率为 5-5 的直线是 y=5x+107y = -5x + 107,而 AA 在这条直线上,所以 A=(p,5p+107)A = (p, -5p + 107),且 q=5p+107q = -5p + 107

由鞋带公式,且 B=(12,19)B = (12, 19)C=(23,20)C = (23, 20)[ABC]=12p+12(20q)+23(q19)=1298056p=70 \begin{aligned} [ABC] &= \small \frac{1}{2}\left|{-p} + 12\bigl(20 - q\bigr) + 23\bigl(q - 19\bigr)\right| \\ &= \frac{1}{2}\left|980 - 56p\right| = 70 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 56p980=140|56p - 980| = 140,得 p=15p = 15p=20p = 20

因为 p+q=p+(5p+107)=1074p \begin{aligned} p + q &= p + (-5p + 107) \\ &= 107 - 4p \end{aligned}\text{,}所以较小的 p=15p = 15 给出较大的和 10760=47107 - 60 = 47

The median to BC\overline{BC} passes through the midpoint M=(352,392)M = \left(\frac{35}{2}, \frac{39}{2}\right) of BC.\overline{BC}. The line through MM with slope 5-5 is y=5x+107,y = -5x + 107, and AA lies on this line, so A=(p,5p+107)A = (p, -5p + 107) and q=5p+107.q = -5p + 107.

By the shoelace formula with B=(12,19)B = (12, 19) and C=(23,20),C = (23, 20), [ABC]=12p+12(20q)+23(q19)=1298056p=70, \begin{aligned} [ABC] &= \small \frac{1}{2}\left|{-p} + 12\bigl(20 - q\bigr) + 23\bigl(q - 19\bigr)\right| \\ &= \frac{1}{2}\left|980 - 56p\right| = 70, \end{aligned} so 56p980=140,|56p - 980| = 140, giving p=15p = 15 or p=20.p = 20.

Since p+q=p+(5p+107)=1074p, \begin{aligned} p + q &= p + (-5p + 107) \\ &= 107 - 4p, \end{aligned} the smaller value p=15p = 15 gives the larger sum 10760=47.107 - 60 = 47.

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