2026 AIME II 第 10 题

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10.

设 △ABC\triangle ABC 中的点 DD 在 BC‾\overline{BC} 上,且 AD‾\overline{AD} 平分 ∠BAC\angle BAC。设 ω\omega 为经过 AA 且在 DD 处与线段 BC‾\overline{BC} 相切的圆。令 E≠AE \ne A 和 F≠AF \ne A 分别为 ω\omega 与线段 AB‾\overline{AB} 和 AC‾\overline{AC} 的交点。已知 AB=200AB = 200、AC=225AC = 225,并且 AEAE、AFAF、BDBD、CDCD 都是正整数。求 BCBC 的最大可能值。

Let △ABC\triangle ABC be a triangle with DD on BC‾\overline{BC} such that AD‾\overline{AD} bisects ∠BAC.\angle BAC. Let ω\omega be the circle that passes through AA and is tangent to segment BC‾\overline{BC} at D.D. Let E≠AE \ne A and F≠AF \ne A be the intersections of ω\omega with segments AB‾\overline{AB} and AC‾,\overline{AC}, respectively. Suppose that AB=200,AB = 200, AC=225,AC = 225, and all of AE,AE, AF,AF, BD,BD, and CDCD are positive integers. Find the greatest possible value of BC.BC.

答案:340
知识点:圆幂角平分线定理整除性
难度评级:2840
小提示:

在 DD 处相切给出 BB 和 CC 的幂:BD2=BE⋅BABD^2 = BE \cdot BA 与 CD2=CF⋅CACD^2 = CF \cdot CA;角平分线给出 BD:DC=8:9BD : DC = 8 : 9。

Tangency at DD gives the powers of BB and C:C: BD2=BE⋅BABD^2 = BE \cdot BA and CD2=CF⋅CA;CD^2 = CF \cdot CA; the bisector gives BD:DC=8:9.BD : DC = 8 : 9.

大提示:

写 BD=8tBD = 8t、CD=9tCD = 9t;那么 t=CD−BDt = CD - BD 是整数,而 AEAE 和 AFAF 为整数迫使 tt 能被 55 整除,同时 AE>0AE \gt 0 给出 tt 的上界。

Write BD=8t,BD = 8t, CD=9t;CD = 9t; then t=CD−BDt = CD - BD is an integer, and integrality of AEAE and AFAF forces tt to be divisible by 5,5, while AE>0AE \gt 0 bounds t.t.

解答:

因为 ω\omega 在 DD 处与 BCBC 相切,由点 BB 的幂得 BD2=BE⋅BABD^2 = BE \cdot BA,由点 CC 的幂得 CD2=CF⋅CACD^2 = CF \cdot CA。角平分线定理给出 BDDC=ABAC=89\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{8}{9},所以 BD=8tBD = 8t、CD=9tCD = 9t,其中 t=CD−BDt = CD - BD 是正整数。于是 BE=64t2200=8t225,CF=81t2225=9t225 \begin{aligned} &BE = \frac{64t^2}{200} = \frac{8t^2}{25}, \\ &CF = \frac{81t^2}{225} = \frac{9t^2}{25} \end{aligned} 所以 AE=200−8t225AE = 200 - \frac{8t^2}{25},AF=225−9t225AF = 225 - \frac{9t^2}{25}。

为使 AEAE 和 AFAF 都为整数,需要 t2t^2 能被 2525 整除,也就是 t=5st = 5s。此时 AE=200−8s2>0AE = 200 - 8s^2 \gt 0 迫使 s≤4s \le 4,且 BC=17t=85sBC = 17t = 85s。当 s=4s = 4 时,BC=340BC = 340,并且 BD=160BD = 160、CD=180CD = 180、AE=72AE = 72、AF=81AF = 81 都是正整数;边长 200,225,340200, 225, 340 也形成合法三角形,因为 200+225>340200 + 225 \gt 340。

BCBC 的最大可能值为 340340。

Since ω\omega is tangent to BCBC at D,D, the power of BB gives BD2=BE⋅BABD^2 = BE \cdot BA and the power of CC gives CD2=CF⋅CA.CD^2 = CF \cdot CA. The angle bisector gives BDDC=ABAC=89,\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{8}{9}, so BD=8tBD = 8t and CD=9t,CD = 9t, where t=CD−BDt = CD - BD is a positive integer. Then BE=64t2200=8t225,CF=81t2225=9t225, \begin{aligned} &BE = \frac{64t^2}{200} = \frac{8t^2}{25}, \\ &CF = \frac{81t^2}{225} = \frac{9t^2}{25}, \end{aligned} so AE=200−8t225AE = 200 - \frac{8t^2}{25} and AF=225−9t225.AF = 225 - \frac{9t^2}{25}.

For AEAE and AFAF to be integers we need t2t^2 to be divisible by 25,25, that is, t=5s.t = 5s. Then AE=200−8s2>0AE = 200 - 8s^2 \gt 0 forces s≤4,s \le 4, and BC=17t=85s.BC = 17t = 85s. At s=4:s = 4: BC=340,BC = 340, with BD=160,BD = 160, CD=180,CD = 180, AE=72,AE = 72, AF=81AF = 81 all positive integers, and the sides 200,225,340200, 225, 340 form a valid triangle since 200+225>340.200 + 225 \gt 340.

The greatest possible value of BCBC is 340.340.

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