1983 AIME 第 10 题

先试着解答 1983 AIME 第 10 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1983 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

10.

144714471005100512311231 有一个共同点:它们都是以 11 开头且恰有两个相同数字的四位数。这样的数共有多少个?

The numbers 1447,1447, 1005,1005, and 12311231 have something in common: each is a four-digit number beginning with 11 that has exactly two identical digits. How many such numbers are there?

答案:432
知识点:数字分类讨论乘法原理
难度评级:1900
小提示:

把重复数字为 11 的情形与其他情形分开

Separate the case where the repeated digit is 11 from the case where it is not

大提示:

在每种情形中,先选择重复数字所在的位置,再选择剩下的不同数字

In each case, choose the repeated digit’s positions before choosing the remaining distinct digit

解答:

若重复数字是 11,则后三位中恰有一位是 11。该位置有 33 种选择,下一个数字有 99 种选择,最后一个数字有 88 种选择,因为后两个数字必须彼此不同且都不等于 11。因此共有 398=2163\cdot9\cdot8=216 个数。

若重复的是 11 以外的数字,则重复数字有 99 种选择,在后三位中选择它出现的两个位置有 33 种方法,剩余数字有 88 种选择。因此又有 938=2169\cdot3\cdot8=216 个数,总数为 216+216=432216+216=432

If 11 is the repeated digit, exactly one of the last three positions contains 1.1. There are 33 choices for that position, 99 choices for the next digit, and 88 for the last digit, since those two digits must differ from each other and from 1.1. This gives 398=2163\cdot9\cdot8=216 numbers.

If a digit other than 11 is repeated, there are 99 choices for that digit, 33 ways to choose its two positions among the last three, and 88 choices for the remaining digit. This gives another 938=2169\cdot3\cdot8=216 numbers. The total is 216+216=432.216+216=432.

← 第 9 题#9
完整试卷

其他年份的第 10 题