1986 AIME 第 10 题

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10.

在一个室内游戏中,魔术师请一名参与者想一个三位数 (abc)(abc),其中 aabbcc 按所示顺序表示以 1010 为底的数字。随后,魔术师请这名参与者组成 (acb)(acb)(bca)(bca)(bac)(bac)(cab)(cab)(cba)(cba),将这五个数相加,并说出它们的和 NN。得知 NN 后,魔术师就能确定原数 (abc)(abc)。请扮演魔术师,在 N=3194N=3194 时求 (abc)(abc)

In a parlor game, the magician asks one of the participants to think of a three-digit number (abc),(abc), where a,a, b,b, and cc represent base-1010 digits in the indicated order. The magician then asks this person to form the numbers (acb),(acb), (bca),(bca), (bac),(bac), (cab),(cab), and (cba),(cba), to add these five numbers, and to reveal their sum N.N. If told N,N, the magician can identify the original number (abc).(abc). Play the role of the magician and determine (abc)(abc) if N=3194.N=3194.

答案:358
知识点:数字位值方程组
难度评级:1830
小提示:

先把原数也包括在内,求六个排列数之和

First include the original number and sum all six permutations

大提示:

s=a+b+cs=a+b+c,用 ssNN 表示原数

If s=a+b+c,s=a+b+c, express the original number in terms of ss and NN

解答:

在六个排列数中,每个数字在每个数位上都出现两次,所以它们的总和为 222(a+b+c)222(a+b+c)。令 s=a+b+cs=a+b+c,并将原数记为 MM。由于其余五个数之和为 31943194M=222s3194 M=222s-3194\text{。}因为 100M999100\leq M\leq999,必须有 15s1815\leq s\leq18。依次检验这四个值,得到 M=136M=136M=358M=358M=580M=580M=802M=802。其中只有 358358 的数字和等于假设值,即 1616。因此原数为 358358

Across all six permutations, each digit occurs twice in each place, so their total is 222(a+b+c).222(a+b+c). Put s=a+b+cs=a+b+c and let the original number be M.M. Since the other five sum to 3194,3194, M=222s3194. M=222s-3194. Because 100M999,100\leq M\leq999, we need 15s18.15\leq s\leq18. Testing these four values gives M=136,M=136, M=358,M=358, M=580,M=580, and M=802,M=802, respectively. Only 358358 has digit sum equal to its assumed value, namely 16.16. Therefore the original number is 358.358.

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