1992 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

直线 l1l_1l2l_2 都经过原点,并分别与 xx 轴正方向成 π70\frac{\pi}{70}π54\frac{\pi}{54} 弧度的第一象限角。对任意直线 ll,变换 R(l)R(l) 按如下方式产生另一条直线:先将 ll 关于 l1l_1 反射,再将所得直线关于 l2l_2 反射。令 R(1)(l)=R(l)R^{(1)}(l)=R(l),且 R(n)(l)=R(R(n1)(l))R^{(n)}(l)=R(R^{(n-1)}(l))。已知 ll 是直线 y=(1992)xy=(\frac{19}{92})x,求最小正整数 mm,使得 R(m)(l)=lR^{(m)}(l)=l

Lines l1l_1 and l2l_2 both pass through the origin and make first-quadrant angles of π70\frac{\pi}{70} and π54\frac{\pi}{54} radians, respectively, with the positive xx-axis. For any line l,l, the transformation R(l)R(l) produces another line as follows: ll is reflected in l1,l_1, and the resulting line is reflected in l2.l_2. Let R(1)(l)=R(l)R^{(1)}(l)=R(l) and R(n)(l)=R(R(n1)(l)).R^{(n)}(l)=R(R^{(n-1)}(l)). Given that ll is the line y=(1992)x,y=(\frac{19}{92})x, find the smallest positive integer mm for which R(m)(l)=l.R^{(m)}(l)=l.

答案:945
知识点:反射(几何)变换模运算
难度评级:2230
小提示:

关于两条相交直线依次反射,等价于旋转两直线夹角的两倍

Two reflections in intersecting lines compose to a rotation through twice the angle between the lines

大提示:

当累计旋转角是 π\pi 的整数倍时,一条不计方向的直线回到自身

An unoriented line returns to itself when its accumulated rotation is a multiple of π\pi

解答:

这个复合变换等价于旋转 2(π54π70)=8π9452\left(\frac{\pi}{54}-\frac{\pi}{70}\right)=\frac{8\pi}{945}\text{。}一条经过原点的直线在旋转后保持不变,当且仅当旋转角是 π\pi 的整数倍。因此 mm 必须满足 8m945Z\frac{8m}{945}\in\mathbb Z。由于 gcd(8,945)=1\gcd(8,945)=1,最小的 mm945945

The composition is rotation through 2(π54π70)=8π945.2\left(\frac{\pi}{54}-\frac{\pi}{70}\right)=\frac{8\pi}{945}. A line through the origin is unchanged by a rotation exactly when the rotation angle is a multiple of π.\pi. Thus mm must satisfy 8m945Z.\frac{8m}{945}\in\mathbb Z. Since gcd(8,945)=1,\gcd(8,945)=1, the least such mm is 945.945.

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