1990 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

有人注意到 6!=89106!=8\cdot9\cdot10。求最大的正整数 nn,使得 n!n! 可以表示为 n3n-3 个连续正整数的乘积。

Someone observed that 6!=8910.6!=8\cdot9\cdot10. Find the largest positive integer nn for which n!n! can be expressed as the product of n3n-3 consecutive positive integers.

答案:23
知识点:阶乘极限情形界定不等式
难度评级:2230
小提示:

n!n! 与分别从 4455 开始的 n3n-3 个连续整数之积比较

Compare n!n! with products of n3n-3 consecutive integers beginning at 44 and at 55

大提示:

55 开始的乘积等于 (n+1)!4!\frac{(n+1)!}{4!}

The product beginning at 55 equals (n+1)!4!\frac{(n+1)!}{4!}

解答:

44 开始的 n3n-3 个连续整数之积为 45n=n!64\cdot5\cdots n=\frac{n!}{6}\text{,}而从 55 开始的乘积为 56(n+1)=(n+1)!24=n+124n!\begin{aligned}5\cdot6\cdots(n+1)&=\frac{(n+1)!}{24}\\&=\frac{n+1}{24}n!\end{aligned}\text{。}n=23n=23 时,后一个乘积等于 n!n!,所以 2323 可行。对于每个 n24n\geq24,从 44 开始的乘积小于 n!n!,从 55 开始的乘积大于 n!n!,并且乘积随首项严格增大。因此没有 n24n\geq24 可行,最大可能值为 2323

The n3n-3 consecutive integers beginning at 44 have product 45n=n!6,4\cdot5\cdots n=\frac{n!}{6}, while those beginning at 55 have product 56(n+1)=(n+1)!24=n+124n!.\begin{aligned}5\cdot6\cdots(n+1)&=\frac{(n+1)!}{24}\\&=\frac{n+1}{24}n!.\end{aligned} For n=23,n=23, the latter product equals n!,n!, so 2323 works. For every n24,n\geq24, the product beginning at 44 is below n!,n!, the product beginning at 55 is above n!,n!, and the product strictly increases with its initial term. Hence no n24n\geq24 works, and the largest possible value is 23.23.

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