2003 AIME II 第 11 题

先试着解答 2003 AIME II 第 11 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2003 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

11.

三角形 ABCABC 是直角三角形,AC=7AC = 7,BC=24BC = 24,且直角在 CC 点。MM 是 AB‾\overline{AB} 的中点,点 DD 与 CC 位于直线 ABAB 的同侧,并满足 AD=BD=15AD = BD = 15。已知 △CDM\triangle CDM 的面积可表示为 mnp\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p},其中 mm、nn、pp 是正整数,mm 与 pp 互质,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p。

Triangle ABCABC is a right triangle with AC=7,AC = 7, BC=24,BC = 24, and right angle at C.C. Point MM is the midpoint of AB‾,\overline{AB}, and DD is on the same side of line ABAB as CC so that AD=BD=15.AD = BD = 15. Given that the area of △CDM\triangle CDM can be expressed as mnp,\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and pp are relatively prime, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime, find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:578
知识点:中线(几何)余弦定理三角形面积
难度评级:2840
小提示:

斜边上的中线给出 CM=252CM = \frac{25}{2},且 DD 位于过 MM 且垂直于 ABAB 的直线上,因此 DM=152−(252)2DM = \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2}

The median to the hypotenuse gives CM=252,CM = \frac{25}{2}, and DD lies on the perpendicular to ABAB at M,M, so DM=152−(252)2DM = \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2}

大提示:

使用面积 =12⋅CM⋅DM⋅sin⁡∠CMD= \frac{1}{2} \cdot CM \cdot DM \cdot \sin\angle CMD,其中 ∠CMD=90∘−∠AMC\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \angle AMC,并从三角形 AMCAMC 的余弦定理求 cos⁡∠AMC\cos\angle AMC

Use area =12⋅CM⋅DM⋅sin⁡∠CMD,= \frac{1}{2} \cdot CM \cdot DM \cdot \sin\angle CMD, where ∠CMD=90∘−∠AMC,\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \angle AMC, and get cos⁡∠AMC\cos\angle AMC from the law of cosines in triangle AMCAMC

解答:

斜边为 AB=72+242=25AB = \sqrt{7^2 + 24^2} = 25,斜边上的中线给出 CM=252CM = \frac{25}{2}。因为 AD=BDAD = BD,点 DD 位于过 MM 且垂直于 ABAB 的直线上,所以 DM⊥ABDM \perp AB,且其长度为 DM=152−(252)2=2754=5112。 \begin{aligned} DM &= \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\tfrac{25}{2}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac{275}{4}} = \tfrac{5\sqrt{11}}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

设 β=∠AMC\beta = \angle AMC。在三角形 AMCAMC 中,AM=CM=252AM = CM = \frac{25}{2} 且 AC=7AC = 7,由余弦定理得到 cos⁡β=(252)2+(252)2−722⋅252⋅252=527625。 \begin{aligned} \cos\beta &= \frac{\left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 - 7^2} {2 \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2}} \\ &= \frac{527}{625} \end{aligned}\text{。}由于 CC 和 DD 在 ABAB 的同侧,且 MD⊥ABMD \perp AB,我们有 ∠CMD=90∘−β\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \beta,所以 sin⁡∠CMD=cos⁡β\sin\angle CMD = \cos\beta。

因此 [CDM]=12⋅252⋅5112⋅527625=5271140, \begin{aligned} [CDM] &= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{5\sqrt{11}}{2} \cdot \frac{527}{625} \\ &= \frac{527\sqrt{11}}{40} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 m+n+p=527+11+40m + n + p = 527 + 11 + 40 =578= 578。

The hypotenuse is AB=72+242=25,AB = \sqrt{7^2 + 24^2} = 25, and the median to the hypotenuse gives CM=252.CM = \frac{25}{2}. Since AD=BD,AD = BD, point DD lies on the perpendicular to ABAB at M,M, so DM⊥ABDM \perp AB and DM=152−(252)2=2754=5112. \begin{aligned} DM &= \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\tfrac{25}{2}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac{275}{4}} = \tfrac{5\sqrt{11}}{2}. \end{aligned}

Let β=∠AMC.\beta = \angle AMC. In triangle AMCAMC with AM=CM=252AM = CM = \frac{25}{2} and AC=7,AC = 7, the law of cosines gives cos⁡β=(252)2+(252)2−722⋅252⋅252=527625. \begin{aligned} \cos\beta &= \frac{\left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 - 7^2} {2 \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2}} \\ &= \frac{527}{625}. \end{aligned} Since CC and DD are on the same side of ABAB and MD⊥AB,MD \perp AB, we have ∠CMD=90∘−β,\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \beta, so sin⁡∠CMD=cos⁡β.\sin\angle CMD = \cos\beta.

Therefore [CDM]=12⋅252⋅5112⋅527625=5271140, \begin{aligned} [CDM] &= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{5\sqrt{11}}{2} \cdot \frac{527}{625} \\ &= \frac{527\sqrt{11}}{40}, \end{aligned} and m+n+p=527+11+40m + n + p = 527 + 11 + 40 =578.= 578.

第 10 题#10
完整试卷

其他年份的第 11 题