2010 AIME I 第 11 题

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11.

设 R\mathcal{R} 是坐标平面中同时满足 ∣8−x∣+y≤10|8 - x| + y \le 10 和 3y−x≥153y - x \ge 15 的点组成的区域。当 R\mathcal{R} 绕直线 3y−x=153y - x = 15 旋转时,所得立体的体积为 mπnp\frac{m\pi}{n\sqrt{p}},其中 mm、nn、pp 是正整数,mm 和 nn 互质,且 pp 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p。

Let R\mathcal{R} be the region consisting of the set of points in the coordinate plane that satisfy both ∣8−x∣+y≤10|8 - x| + y \le 10 and 3y−x≥15.3y - x \ge 15. When R\mathcal{R} is revolved around the line whose equation is 3y−x=15,3y - x = 15, the volume of the resulting solid is mπnp,\frac{m\pi}{n\sqrt{p}}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and nn are relatively prime, and pp is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:365
知识点:体积圆锥坐标几何
难度评级:2920
小提示:

该区域是一个三角形,其中一条边在旋转轴 3y−x=153y - x = 15 上;求出它的三个顶点

The region is a triangle with one side on the axis of revolution 3y−x=15;3y - x = 15; find its three vertices

大提示:

旋转后得到两个共用底面的圆锥:总体积为 13π d2⋅AB\frac{1}{3}\pi\,d^2 \cdot AB,其中 dd 是轴外顶点到直线的距离

Revolving gives two cones sharing a base: total volume 13π d2⋅AB,\frac{1}{3}\pi\,d^2 \cdot AB, where dd is the distance from the off-axis vertex to the line

解答:

条件 ∣8−x∣+y≤10|8 - x| + y \le 10 表示 y≤x+2y \le x + 2(当 x≤8x \le 8)以及 y≤18−xy \le 18 - x(当 x≥8x \ge 8)。与半平面 3y−x≥153y - x \ge 15 相交后,留下一个三角形,其两个顶点为 A=(92,132)A = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{13}{2}\right) 和 B=(394,334)B = \left(\frac{39}{4}, \frac{33}{4}\right),它们位于直线 3y−x=153y - x = 15 上;另一个顶点为 C=(8,10)C = (8, 10)。

边 ABAB 位于旋转轴上,垂足 DD 是从 CC 向该直线作垂线所得的点,即 (8.7,7.9)(8.7, 7.9),它位于 AA 与 BB 之间。所以该立体是两个共用底面的圆锥,底面半径为 CDCD,高之和为 ABAB,体积为 13π⋅CD2⋅AB\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot CD^2 \cdot AB。这里 CD=∣3⋅10−8−15∣10=710,AB=(214)2+(74)2=7104。 \begin{aligned} CD &= \frac{|3 \cdot 10 - 8 - 15|}{\sqrt{10}} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{10}}, \\ AB &= \sqrt{\left(\tfrac{21}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\tfrac{7}{4}\right)^2} \\ &= \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}

体积为 13π⋅4910⋅7104=343π1210\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot \frac{49}{10} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4} = \frac{343\pi}{12\sqrt{10}},所以 m+n+p=343+12+10m + n + p = 343 + 12 + 10 =365= 365。

The condition ∣8−x∣+y≤10|8 - x| + y \le 10 means y≤x+2y \le x + 2 for x≤8x \le 8 and y≤18−xy \le 18 - x for x≥8.x \ge 8. Intersecting with the half-plane 3y−x≥153y - x \ge 15 leaves the triangle with vertices A=(92,132)A = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{13}{2}\right) and B=(394,334)B = \left(\frac{39}{4}, \frac{33}{4}\right) on the line 3y−x=15,3y - x = 15, and apex C=(8,10).C = (8, 10).

Side ABAB lies on the axis of revolution, and the foot DD of the perpendicular from CC to the line, namely (8.7,7.9),(8.7, 7.9), lies between AA and B.B. So the solid is two cones sharing a base of radius CDCD with heights summing to AB,AB, and its volume is 13π⋅CD2⋅AB.\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot CD^2 \cdot AB. Here CD=∣3⋅10−8−15∣10=710,AB=(214)2+(74)2=7104. \begin{aligned} CD &= \frac{|3 \cdot 10 - 8 - 15|}{\sqrt{10}} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{10}}, \\ AB &= \sqrt{\left(\tfrac{21}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\tfrac{7}{4}\right)^2} \\ &= \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4}. \end{aligned}

The volume is 13π⋅4910⋅7104=343π1210,\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot \frac{49}{10} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4} = \frac{343\pi}{12\sqrt{10}}, so m+n+p=343+12+10m + n + p = 343 + 12 + 10 =365.= 365.

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