1999 AIME Problem 11

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 11 of the 1999 AIME, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1999 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:trigonometric identitytelescoping

Difficulty rating: 2560

11.

Given that k=135sin5k=tanmn,\sum_{k=1}^{35} \sin 5k = \tan \frac{m}{n}, where angles are measured in degrees, and mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers that satisfy mn<90,\frac{m}{n} \lt 90, find m+n.m + n.

Solution:

Multiply the sum by 2sin2.52 \sin 2.5^\circ and apply 2sin5ksin2.5=cos(5k2.5)cos(5k+2.5),2 \sin 5k^\circ \sin 2.5^\circ = \cos(5k - 2.5)^\circ - \cos(5k + 2.5)^\circ, so the sum telescopes: 2sin2.5k=135sin5k=cos2.5cos177.5=2cos2.5.2 \sin 2.5^\circ \sum_{k=1}^{35} \sin 5k^\circ = \cos 2.5^\circ - \cos 177.5^\circ = 2\cos 2.5^\circ.

Hence the sum equals cos2.5sin2.5=cot2.5=tan87.5=tan1752.\frac{\cos 2.5^\circ}{\sin 2.5^\circ} = \cot 2.5^\circ = \tan 87.5^\circ = \tan \frac{175}{2}^\circ. Since gcd(175,2)=1\gcd(175, 2) = 1 and 1752<90,\frac{175}{2} \lt 90, we get m+n=175+2=177.m + n = 175 + 2 = 177.

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