2014 AIME II 第 11 题

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11.

在 △RED\triangle RED 中,RD=1RD = 1、∠DRE=75∘\angle DRE = 75^\circ、∠RED=45∘\angle RED = 45^\circ。令 MM 为线段 RD‾\overline{RD} 的中点。点 CC 在边 ED‾\overline{ED} 上,且 RC‾⊥EM‾\overline{RC} \perp \overline{EM}。将线段 DE‾\overline{DE} 沿 EE 的方向延长至点 AA,使 CA=ARCA = AR。于是 AE=a−bcAE = \frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c},其中 aa 和 cc 是互质正整数,bb 是正整数。求 a+b+ca + b + c。

In △RED,\triangle RED, RD=1,RD = 1, ∠DRE=75∘\angle DRE = 75^\circ and ∠RED=45∘.\angle RED = 45^\circ. Let MM be the midpoint of segment RD‾.\overline{RD}. Point CC lies on side ED‾\overline{ED} such that RC‾⊥EM‾.\overline{RC} \perp \overline{EM}. Extend segment DE‾\overline{DE} through EE to point AA such that CA=AR.CA = AR. Then AE=a−bc,AE = \frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c}, where aa and cc are relatively prime positive integers, and bb is a positive integer. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

答案:56
知识点:坐标几何正弦定理斜率
难度评级:3060
小提示:

令 DD 在原点,EE 在正 xx 轴上;则 R=(cos⁡60∘,sin⁡60∘)R = (\cos 60^\circ, \sin 60^\circ),并由正弦定理得到 DE=3+12DE = \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}

Place DD at the origin and EE on the positive xx-axis; then R=(cos⁡60∘,sin⁡60∘)R = (\cos 60^\circ, \sin 60^\circ) and the law of sines gives DE=3+12DE = \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}

大提示:

用垂直斜率确定 xx 轴上的 CC,而 CA=ARCA = AR 会给出关于 AA 的 xx 坐标的一次方程

Perpendicular slopes locate CC on the xx-axis, and CA=ARCA = AR is a linear equation in the xx-coordinate of AA

解答:

因为 ∠RDE=180∘−75∘−45∘\angle RDE = 180^\circ - 75^\circ - 45^\circ =60∘= 60^\circ,令 D=(0,0)D = (0,0),且 EE 在正 xx 轴上,则 R=(12,32)R = \left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)。正弦定理给出 DE=sin⁡75∘sin⁡45∘=3+12DE = \frac{\sin 75^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2},并且 M=(14,34)M = \left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)。

直线 EMEM 的斜率为 3414−3+12=−31+23\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}{\frac{1}{4} - \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}} = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{1 + 2\sqrt{3}},所以直线 RCRC 的斜率为 1+233\frac{1 + 2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}。从 RR 下降 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} 到 xx 轴,水平向左移动 321+23=63−322\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{1 + 2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{6\sqrt{3} - 3}{22},所以 C=(c,0)C = (c, 0),其中 c=12−63−322=7−3311c = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{6\sqrt{3} - 3}{22} = \frac{7 - 3\sqrt{3}}{11}。

对 A=(t,0)A = (t, 0),条件 CA=ARCA = AR 写作 (t−c)2=(t−12)2+34(t - c)^2 = \left(t - \frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \frac{3}{4},这是关于 tt 的一次方程:t=1−c21−2c=9+4311t = \frac{1 - c^2}{1 - 2c} = \frac{9 + 4\sqrt{3}}{11}。因此 AE=t−3+12=18+83−113−1122=7−3322=7−2722, \begin{aligned} AE &= t - \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2} \\ &= \frac{18 + 8\sqrt{3} - 11\sqrt{3} - 11}{22} \\ &= \frac{7 - 3\sqrt{3}}{22} = \frac{7 - \sqrt{27}}{22} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 a+b+c=7+27+22=56a + b + c = 7 + 27 + 22 = 56。

Since ∠RDE=180∘−75∘−45∘\angle RDE = 180^\circ - 75^\circ - 45^\circ =60∘,= 60^\circ, place D=(0,0)D = (0,0) with EE on the positive xx-axis, so R=(12,32).R = \left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right). The law of sines gives DE=sin⁡75∘sin⁡45∘=3+12,DE = \frac{\sin 75^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}, and M=(14,34).M = \left(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\right).

The slope of EMEM is 3414−3+12=−31+23,\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}{\frac{1}{4} - \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}} = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{1 + 2\sqrt{3}}, so line RCRC has slope 1+233.\frac{1 + 2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}. Descending from RR by 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} to the xx-axis moves us left by 321+23=63−322,\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{1 + 2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{6\sqrt{3} - 3}{22}, so C=(c,0)C = (c, 0) with c=12−63−322=7−3311.c = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{6\sqrt{3} - 3}{22} = \frac{7 - 3\sqrt{3}}{11}.

For A=(t,0),A = (t, 0), the condition CA=ARCA = AR reads (t−c)2=(t−12)2+34,(t - c)^2 = \left(t - \frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \frac{3}{4}, which is linear in t:t: t=1−c21−2c=9+4311.t = \frac{1 - c^2}{1 - 2c} = \frac{9 + 4\sqrt{3}}{11}. Then AE=t−3+12=18+83−113−1122=7−3322=7−2722, \begin{aligned} AE &= t - \frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2} \\ &= \frac{18 + 8\sqrt{3} - 11\sqrt{3} - 11}{22} \\ &= \frac{7 - 3\sqrt{3}}{22} = \frac{7 - \sqrt{27}}{22}, \end{aligned} so a+b+c=7+27+22=56.a + b + c = 7 + 27 + 22 = 56.

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