2022 AIME I 第 11 题

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11.

设 ABCDABCD 是一个平行四边形,且 ∠BAD<90∘\angle BAD \lt 90^\circ。一个圆与边 DA‾\overline{DA}、AB‾\overline{AB}、BC‾\overline{BC} 相切,并与对角线 AC‾\overline{AC} 交于点 PP 和 QQ,其中 AP<AQAP \lt AQ,如图所示。已知 AP=3AP = 3、PQ=9PQ = 9、QC=16QC = 16。则 ABCDABCD 的面积可表示为 mnm\sqrt{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm + n。

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram with ∠BAD<90∘.\angle BAD \lt 90^\circ. A circle tangent to sides DA‾,\overline{DA}, AB‾,\overline{AB}, and BC‾\overline{BC} intersects diagonal AC‾\overline{AC} at points PP and QQ with AP<AQ,AP \lt AQ, as shown. Suppose that AP=3,AP = 3, PQ=9,PQ = 9, and QC=16.QC = 16. Then the area of ABCDABCD can be expressed in the form mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:150
知识点:圆幂切线余弦定理平行四边形
难度评级:3060
小提示:

点的幂:AP⋅AQ=36AP \cdot AQ = 36 且 CQ⋅CP=400CQ \cdot CP = 400,所以从 AA 与 CC 引出的切线长分别为 66 和 2020

Power of a point: AP⋅AQ=36AP \cdot AQ = 36 and CQ⋅CP=400CQ \cdot CP = 400 give tangent lengths 66 from AA and 2020 from CC

大提示:

相等切线长迫使 BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14,而圆与平行线 ADAD 和 BCBC 都相切,给出 ABcos⁡2 ⁣∠A2=6AB \cos^2\!\frac{\angle A}{2} = 6;最后对 AC=28AC = 28 使用余弦定理

Equal tangents force BC=AB+14,BC = AB + 14, and tangency to both parallel lines ADAD and BCBC gives ABcos⁡2 ⁣∠A2=6;AB \cos^2\!\frac{\angle A}{2} = 6; finish with the law of cosines on AC=28AC = 28

解答:

由点的幂,AP⋅AQ=3⋅12=36AP \cdot AQ = 3 \cdot 12 = 36,且 CQ⋅CP=16⋅25=400CQ \cdot CP = 16 \cdot 25 = 400,所以从 AA 和 CC 引出的切线长分别为 66 和 2020。AB‾\overline{AB} 上的切点距 AA 为 66,因此距 BB 为 AB−6AB - 6。从 BB 引出的两条切线等长,所以 BC‾\overline{BC} 上的切点距 BB 也是这个距离,从而它距 CC 的距离为 BC−(AB−6)=20BC - (AB - 6) = 20,即 BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14。

设 ∠BAD=2θ\angle BAD = 2\theta。圆心位于 ∠A\angle A 的角平分线上,且从 AA 引出的切线长为 66,所以半径为 ρ=6tan⁡θ\rho = 6\tan\theta。圆与平行线 ADAD 和 BCBC 都相切,而这两条线的距离为 ABsin⁡2θAB \sin 2\theta,故 ABsin⁡2θ=2ρ=12tan⁡θAB \sin 2\theta = 2\rho = 12 \tan\theta,化简为 ABcos⁡2θ=6AB \cos^2\theta = 6。在三角形 ABCABC 中,∠ABC=180∘−2θ\angle ABC = 180^\circ - 2\theta,且 AC=3+9+16=28AC = 3 + 9 + 16 = 28,由余弦定理,784=AB2+BC2+2⋅AB⋅BCcos⁡2θ。\begin{aligned} 784 &= AB^2 + BC^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \cdot AB \cdot BC \cos 2\theta \end{aligned}\text{。}代入 BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14 和 cos⁡2θ=2cos⁡2θ−1\cos 2\theta = 2\cos^2\theta - 1,AB2AB^2 项抵消;再用 ABcos⁡2θ=6AB\cos^2\theta = 6,方程化为 24 AB+336+196=78424\,AB + 336 + 196 = 784,所以 AB=212AB = \frac{21}{2},且 cos⁡2θ=47\cos^2\theta = \frac{4}{7}。

因此 sin⁡2θ=23747=437\sin 2\theta = 2\sqrt{\frac{3}{7}}\sqrt{\frac{4}{7}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7},面积为 AB⋅BCsin⁡2θ=212⋅492⋅437=1473,\begin{aligned} &AB \cdot BC \sin 2\theta \\ &= \frac{21}{2} \cdot \frac{49}{2} \cdot \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7} \\ &= 147\sqrt{3} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 m+n=147+3=150m + n = 147 + 3 = 150。

By power of a point, AP⋅AQ=3⋅12=36AP \cdot AQ = 3 \cdot 12 = 36 and CQ⋅CP=16⋅25=400,CQ \cdot CP = 16 \cdot 25 = 400, so the tangent lengths from AA and CC are 66 and 20.20. The tangent point on AB‾\overline{AB} is 66 from A,A, hence AB−6AB - 6 from B;B; equal tangents from BB put the tangent point on BC‾\overline{BC} at that same distance from B,B, so its distance from CC is BC−(AB−6)=20,BC - (AB - 6) = 20, giving BC=AB+14.BC = AB + 14.

Let ∠BAD=2θ.\angle BAD = 2\theta. The center lies on the bisector of ∠A\angle A with the tangent length from AA equal to 6,6, so the radius is ρ=6tan⁡θ.\rho = 6\tan\theta. The circle is tangent to both parallel lines ADAD and BC,BC, whose distance apart is ABsin⁡2θ,AB \sin 2\theta, so ABsin⁡2θ=2ρ=12tan⁡θ,AB \sin 2\theta = 2\rho = 12 \tan\theta, which simplifies to ABcos⁡2θ=6.AB \cos^2\theta = 6. In triangle ABC,ABC, ∠ABC=180∘−2θ\angle ABC = 180^\circ - 2\theta and AC=3+9+16=28,AC = 3 + 9 + 16 = 28, so the law of cosines gives 784=AB2+BC2+2⋅AB⋅BCcos⁡2θ. \begin{aligned} 784 &= AB^2 + BC^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \cdot AB \cdot BC \cos 2\theta. \end{aligned} Substituting BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14 and cos⁡2θ=2cos⁡2θ−1,\cos 2\theta = 2\cos^2\theta - 1, the AB2AB^2 terms cancel and, using ABcos⁡2θ=6,AB\cos^2\theta = 6, the equation collapses to 24 AB+336+196=784,24\,AB + 336 + 196 = 784, so AB=212AB = \frac{21}{2} and cos⁡2θ=47.\cos^2\theta = \frac{4}{7}.

Then sin⁡2θ=23747=437,\sin 2\theta = 2\sqrt{\frac{3}{7}}\sqrt{\frac{4}{7}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7}, and the area is AB⋅BCsin⁡2θ=212⋅492⋅437=1473, \begin{aligned} &AB \cdot BC \sin 2\theta \\ &= \frac{21}{2} \cdot \frac{49}{2} \cdot \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7} \\ &= 147\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} so m+n=147+3=150.m + n = 147 + 3 = 150.

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