1988 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

w1w_1w2w_2\ldotswnw_n 为复数。若复平面内的一条直线 LL 包含点(复数)z1z_1z2z_2\ldotsznz_n,使得下式成立,就称 LL 为点 w1w_1w2w_2\ldotswnw_n 的平均线:

k=1n(zkwk)=0\sum_{k=1}^n(z_k-w_k)=0\text{。}

对于 w1=32+170iw_1=32+170iw2=7+64iw_2=-7+64iw3=9+200iw_3=-9+200iw4=1+27iw_4=1+27iw5=14+43iw_5=-14+43i,存在唯一一条 yy 轴截距为 33 的平均线。求这条平均线的斜率。

Let w1,w_1, w2,w_2, ,\ldots, wnw_n be complex numbers. A line LL in the complex plane is called a mean line for the points w1,w_1, w2,w_2, ,\ldots, wnw_n if LL contains points (complex numbers) z1,z_1, z2,z_2, ,\ldots, znz_n such that

k=1n(zkwk)=0.\sum_{k=1}^n(z_k-w_k)=0.

For the numbers w1=32+170i,w_1=32+170i, w2=7+64i,w_2=-7+64i, w3=9+200i,w_3=-9+200i, w4=1+27i,w_4=1+27i, and w5=14+43i,w_5=-14+43i, there is a unique mean line with yy-intercept 3.3. Find the slope of this mean line.

答案:163
知识点:复数重心斜率
难度评级:1970
小提示:

利用等式 (zkwk)=0\sum(z_k-w_k)=0 比较两组点的平均值

Average the equation (zkwk)=0\sum(z_k-w_k)=0

大提示:

平均线恰好是经过给定各点重心的直线

A mean line is exactly a line through the centroid of the given points

解答:

该条件说明 zkz_k 的平均值等于 wkw_k 的平均值。因为所有 zkz_k 都在 LL 上,所以它们的平均值也在 LL 上;反之,对于任何经过该平均值的直线,只需令所有 zkz_k 都等于该点即可。重心满足 xˉ=3279+1145=35,yˉ=170+64+200+27+435=5045\begin{aligned}\bar x&=\frac{32-7-9+1-14}{5}=\frac35,\\\bar y&=\frac{170+64+200+27+43}{5}\\&=\frac{504}{5}\end{aligned}\text{。}经过该点与 (0,3)(0,3) 的直线斜率为 (50453)35=163\frac{\bigl(\frac{504}{5}-3\bigr)}{\frac35}=163

The condition says that the average of the zkz_k equals the average of the wk.w_k. Since all zkz_k lie on L,L, their average lies on L;L; conversely, any line through the average works by taking all zkz_k equal to that point. The centroid satisfies xˉ=3279+1145=35,yˉ=170+64+200+27+435=5045.\begin{aligned}\bar x&=\frac{32-7-9+1-14}{5}=\frac35,\\\bar y&=\frac{170+64+200+27+43}{5}\\&=\frac{504}{5}.\end{aligned} The line through this point and (0,3)(0,3) has slope (50453)35=163.\frac{\bigl(\frac{504}{5}-3\bigr)}{\frac35}=163.

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