1988 AIME 第 12 题

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12.

PP 为三角形 ABCABC 的内点,从各顶点作经过 PP 的直线并延伸至对边。令 aabbccdd 表示图中所示线段的长度。若 a+b+c=43a+b+c=43,且 d=3d=3,求乘积 abcabc

Let PP be an interior point of triangle ABCABC and extend lines from the vertices through PP to the opposite sides. Let a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd denote the lengths of the segments indicated in the figure. Find the product abcabc if a+b+c=43a+b+c=43 and d=3.d=3.

答案:441
知识点:质点法比与比例对称性(代数)
难度评级:2380
小提示:

用比值 a:da:db:db:dc:dc:d 表示 PP 的三个重心坐标

Express the three barycentric coordinates of PP using the ratios a:d,a:d, b:d,b:d, c:dc:d

大提示:

使用 3a+3+3b+3+3c+3=1\frac3{a+3}+\frac3{b+3}+\frac3{c+3}=1,并作对称展开

Use 3a+3+3b+3+3c+3=1\frac3{a+3}+\frac3{b+3}+\frac3{c+3}=1 and expand symmetrically

解答:

沿从 AA 出发的塞瓦线,AA 处的重心坐标为 da+d\frac{d}{a+d},其他顶点同理。因为三个坐标之和为 11,且 d=3d=3,所以 3a+3+3b+3+3c+3=1\frac3{a+3}+\frac3{b+3}+\frac3{c+3}=1\text{。}s1=a+b+c=43s_1=a+b+c=43s2=ab+bc+cas_2=ab+bc+ca,且 s3=abcs_3=abc。清除分母得 3(s2+6s1+27)=s3+3s2+9s1+27\begin{aligned}3(s_2+6s_1+27)&=s_3+3s_2\\&\quad+9s_1+27\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 s3=9s1+54s_3=9s_1+54,所以 s3=9(43)+54=441s_3=9(43)+54=441

Along the cevian from A,A, the barycentric coordinate at AA is da+d,\frac{d}{a+d}, and similarly at the other vertices. Since the three coordinates sum to 11 and d=3,d=3, 3a+3+3b+3+3c+3=1.\frac3{a+3}+\frac3{b+3}+\frac3{c+3}=1. Put s1=a+b+c=43,s_1=a+b+c=43, s2=ab+bc+ca,s_2=ab+bc+ca, and s3=abc.s_3=abc. Clearing denominators gives 3(s2+6s1+27)=s3+3s2+9s1+27.\begin{aligned}3(s_2+6s_1+27)&=s_3+3s_2\\&\quad+9s_1+27.\end{aligned} Therefore s3=9s1+54,s_3=9s_1+54, so s3=9(43)+54=441.s_3=9(43)+54=441.

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