2003 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

在凸四边形 ABCDABCD 中,∠A≅∠C\angle A \cong \angle C,AB=CD=180AB = CD = 180,且 AD≠BCAD \ne BC。四边形 ABCDABCD 的周长为 640640。求 ⌊1000cos⁡A⌋\lfloor 1000 \cos A \rfloor。(记号 ⌊x⌋\lfloor x \rfloor 表示小于或等于 xx 的最大整数。)

In convex quadrilateral ABCD,ABCD, ∠A≅∠C,\angle A \cong \angle C, AB=CD=180,AB = CD = 180, and AD≠BC.AD \ne BC. The perimeter of ABCDABCD is 640.640. Find ⌊1000cos⁡A⌋.\lfloor 1000 \cos A \rfloor. (The notation ⌊x⌋\lfloor x \rfloor means the greatest integer that is less than or equal to x.x.)

答案:777
知识点:余弦定理平方差
难度评级:2560
小提示:

用余弦定理计算 BD2BD^2:分别在三角形 ABDABD 和 CDBCDB 中计算,并令结果相等。

Compute BD2BD^2 by the Law of Cosines in triangles ABDABD and CDB,CDB, and set the results equal

大提示:

因为 AD≠BCAD \ne BC,除以 AD−BCAD - BC 后得到 cos⁡A=AD+BC360\cos A = \frac{AD + BC}{360},且 AD+BC=640−360AD + BC = 640 - 360。

Because AD≠BC,AD \ne BC, dividing by AD−BCAD - BC leaves cos⁡A=AD+BC360,\cos A = \frac{AD + BC}{360}, and AD+BC=640−360AD + BC = 640 - 360

解答:

设 ∠A=∠C=α\angle A = \angle C = \alpha,AD=xAD = x,BC=yBC = y。对角线 BDBD 在三角形 ABDABD 和 CDBCDB 中分别用余弦定理:BD2=x2+1802−2⋅180xcos⁡α=y2+1802−2⋅180ycos⁡α。 \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= x^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180x\cos\alpha \\ &= y^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180y\cos\alpha \end{aligned}\text{。}

整理得 x2−y2=2⋅180(x−y)cos⁡αx^2 - y^2 = 2 \cdot 180(x - y)\cos\alpha,因为 x≠yx \ne y 可除以 x−yx - y:cos⁡α=x+y360=640−2⋅180360=280360=79。 \begin{aligned} \cos\alpha &= \frac{x + y}{360} \\ &= \frac{640 - 2 \cdot 180}{360} \\ &= \frac{280}{360} = \frac{7}{9} \end{aligned}\text{。}

于是 1000cos⁡A=70009=777.7…1000\cos A = \frac{7000}{9} = 777.7\ldots,所以 ⌊1000cos⁡A⌋=777\lfloor 1000\cos A \rfloor = 777。

Let ∠A=∠C=α,\angle A = \angle C = \alpha, AD=x,AD = x, and BC=y.BC = y. Applying the Law of Cosines to diagonal BDBD in triangles ABDABD and CDB,CDB, BD2=x2+1802−2⋅180xcos⁡α=y2+1802−2⋅180ycos⁡α. \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= x^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180x\cos\alpha \\ &= y^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180y\cos\alpha. \end{aligned}

Rearranging gives x2−y2=2⋅180(x−y)cos⁡α,x^2 - y^2 = 2 \cdot 180(x - y)\cos\alpha, and since x≠yx \ne y we may divide by x−y:x - y: cos⁡α=x+y360=640−2⋅180360=280360=79. \begin{aligned} \cos\alpha &= \frac{x + y}{360} \\ &= \frac{640 - 2 \cdot 180}{360} \\ &= \frac{280}{360} = \frac{7}{9}. \end{aligned}

Then 1000cos⁡A=70009=777.7…,1000\cos A = \frac{7000}{9} = 777.7\ldots, so ⌊1000cos⁡A⌋=777.\lfloor 1000\cos A \rfloor = 777.

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