2005 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的中心为 OO,AB=900AB = 900。点 EE 和 FF 在 AB‾\overline{AB} 上,且 AE<BFAE \lt BF,EE 在 AA 与 FF 之间,m∠EOF=45∘m\angle EOF = 45^\circ,并且 EF=400EF = 400。已知 BF=p+qrBF = p + q\sqrt{r},其中 pp、qq、rr 是正整数,且 rr 不被任何质数的平方整除,求 p+q+rp + q + r。

Square ABCDABCD has center O,O, AB=900,AB = 900, EE and FF are on AB‾\overline{AB} with AE<BFAE \lt BF and EE between AA and F,F, m∠EOF=45∘,m\angle EOF = 45^\circ, and EF=400.EF = 400. Given that BF=p+qr,BF = p + q\sqrt{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers and rr is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

答案:307
知识点:三角恒等式韦达定理正方形(几何)
难度评级:3060
小提示:

令 GG 为 AB‾\overline{AB} 的中点;则 OG=450OG = 450,且射线 OGOG 将 45∘45^\circ 角分成 α+β\alpha + \beta。

Let GG be the midpoint of AB‾;\overline{AB}; then OG=450,OG = 450, and ray OGOG splits the 45∘45^\circ angle into α+β\alpha + \beta

大提示:

由 tan⁡α+tan⁡β=89\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9} 和 tan⁡(α+β)=1\tan(\alpha + \beta) = 1,得 tan⁡αtan⁡β=19\tan\alpha\tan\beta = \frac{1}{9};然后解一个二次方程。

From tan⁡α+tan⁡β=89\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9} and tan⁡(α+β)=1,\tan(\alpha + \beta) = 1, get tan⁡αtan⁡β=19;\tan\alpha\tan\beta = \frac{1}{9}; then solve a quadratic

解答:

令 GG 为 AB‾\overline{AB} 的中点,则 OG⊥ABOG \perp AB 且 OG=450OG = 450。设 α=∠EOG\alpha = \angle EOG、β=∠FOG\beta = \angle FOG,它们位于射线 OGOG 的两侧,则 EG=450tan⁡αEG = 450\tan\alpha,FG=450tan⁡βFG = 450\tan\beta,且 α+β=45∘\alpha + \beta = 45^\circ。由 EG+FG=EF=400EG + FG = EF = 400,得 tan⁡α+tan⁡β=89\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9}。

正切加法公式给出 1=tan⁡45∘=tan⁡α+tan⁡β1−tan⁡αtan⁡β,1 = \tan 45^\circ = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}\text{,}所以 tan⁡αtan⁡β=1−89=19\tan\alpha\tan\beta = 1 - \frac{8}{9} = \frac{1}{9}。因此 tan⁡α\tan\alpha 和 tan⁡β\tan\beta 是 9t2−8t+1=09t^2 - 8t + 1 = 0 的根,即 4±79\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{7}}{9}。

由于 AE=450−EGAE = 450 - EG 且 BF=450−FGBF = 450 - FG,条件 AE<BFAE \lt BF 意味着 EG>FGEG \gt FG,因此 tan⁡β=4−79\tan\beta = \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9}。于是 BF=450−450⋅4−79BF = 450 - 450 \cdot \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9} =250+507= 250 + 50\sqrt{7},且 p+q+r=250+50+7=307p + q + r = 250 + 50 + 7 = 307。

Let GG be the midpoint of AB‾,\overline{AB}, so OG⊥ABOG \perp AB and OG=450.OG = 450. With α=∠EOG\alpha = \angle EOG and β=∠FOG\beta = \angle FOG on either side of ray OG,OG, we have EG=450tan⁡α,EG = 450\tan\alpha, FG=450tan⁡β,FG = 450\tan\beta, and α+β=45∘.\alpha + \beta = 45^\circ. From EG+FG=EF=400,EG + FG = EF = 400, we get tan⁡α+tan⁡β=89.\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9}.

The tangent addition formula gives 1=tan⁡45∘=tan⁡α+tan⁡β1−tan⁡αtan⁡β,1 = \tan 45^\circ = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}, so tan⁡αtan⁡β=1−89=19.\tan\alpha\tan\beta = 1 - \frac{8}{9} = \frac{1}{9}. Hence tan⁡α\tan\alpha and tan⁡β\tan\beta are the roots of 9t2−8t+1=0,9t^2 - 8t + 1 = 0, namely 4±79.\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{7}}{9}.

Since AE=450−EGAE = 450 - EG and BF=450−FG,BF = 450 - FG, the condition AE<BFAE \lt BF means EG>FG,EG \gt FG, so tan⁡β=4−79.\tan\beta = \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9}. Then BF=450−450⋅4−79BF = 450 - 450 \cdot \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9} =250+507,= 250 + 50\sqrt{7}, and p+q+r=250+50+7=307.p + q + r = 250 + 50 + 7 = 307.

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