2005 AIME II 第 13 题

先试着解答 2005 AIME II 第 13 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

13.

设 P(x)P(x) 是一个整系数多项式,满足 P(17)=10P(17) = 10 且 P(24)=17P(24) = 17。已知方程 P(n)=n+3P(n) = n + 3 有两个不同的整数解 n1n_1 和 n2n_2,求乘积 n1⋅n2n_1 \cdot n_2。

Let P(x)P(x) be a polynomial with integer coefficients that satisfies P(17)=10P(17) = 10 and P(24)=17.P(24) = 17. Given that the equation P(n)=n+3P(n) = n + 3 has two distinct integer solutions n1n_1 and n2,n_2, find the product n1⋅n2.n_1 \cdot n_2.

答案:418
知识点:多项式整除性因数
难度评级:2760
小提示:

考虑 S(x)=P(x)−x−3S(x) = P(x) - x - 3,它在 x=17x = 17 和 x=24x = 24 处都等于 −10-10。

Consider S(x)=P(x)−x−3,S(x) = P(x) - x - 3, which equals −10-10 at both x=17x = 17 and x=24x = 24

大提示:

若 S(n)=0S(n) = 0,则 (n−17)(n−24)(n-17)(n-24) 整除 1010;这两个因子都是整数且相差 77。

If S(n)=0,S(n) = 0, then (n−17)(n−24)(n-17)(n-24) divides 10;10; those two factors are integers differing by 77

解答:

令 S(x)=P(x)−x−3S(x) = P(x) - x - 3,则 S(17)=S(24)=−10S(17) = S(24) = -10。由于 S(x)+10S(x) + 10 有整数系数并在 1717 和 2424 处为零,S(x)=−10+(x−17)(x−24)Q(x) \begin{aligned} S(x) &= -10 \\ &\quad {}+ (x - 17)(x - 24)Q(x) \end{aligned} 其中 QQ 是某个整系数多项式。

若某个整数 nn 满足 P(n)=n+3P(n) = n + 3,则 (n−17)(n−24)Q(n)=10(n-17)(n-24)Q(n) = 10,所以 (n−17)(n−24)(n-17)(n-24) 整除 1010。因子 n−17n - 17 和 n−24n - 24 是相差 77 的整数,其乘积整除 1010,所以它们为 {2,−5}\{2, -5\} 或 {5,−2}\{5, -2\},得到 n=19n = 19 和 n=22n = 22。这两个值确实能同时成为解,例如取 P(x)=x−7P(x) = x - 7 −(x−17)(x−24)- (x-17)(x-24)。

因此 n1⋅n2=19⋅22=418n_1 \cdot n_2 = 19 \cdot 22 = 418。

Let S(x)=P(x)−x−3,S(x) = P(x) - x - 3, so S(17)=S(24)=−10.S(17) = S(24) = -10. Since S(x)+10S(x) + 10 has integer coefficients and vanishes at 1717 and 24,24, S(x)=−10+(x−17)(x−24)Q(x) \begin{aligned} S(x) &= -10 \\ &\quad {}+ (x - 17)(x - 24)Q(x) \end{aligned} for some polynomial QQ with integer coefficients.

If P(n)=n+3P(n) = n + 3 for an integer n,n, then (n−17)(n−24)Q(n)=10,(n-17)(n-24)Q(n) = 10, so (n−17)(n−24)(n-17)(n-24) divides 10.10. The factors n−17n - 17 and n−24n - 24 are integers differing by 77 whose product divides 10,10, so they are {2,−5}\{2, -5\} or {5,−2},\{5, -2\}, giving n=19n = 19 and n=22.n = 22. Both occur, for example, for P(x)=x−7P(x) = x - 7 −(x−17)(x−24).- (x-17)(x-24).

Hence n1⋅n2=19⋅22=418.n_1 \cdot n_2 = 19 \cdot 22 = 418.

第 12 题#12
完整试卷

其他年份的第 13 题