1992 AIME 第 13 题

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13.

三角形 ABCABC 满足 AB=9AB=9,且 BC:AC=40:41BC:AC=40:41。这个三角形的最大面积是多少?

Triangle ABCABC has AB=9AB=9 and BC:AC=40:41.BC:AC=40:41. What’s the largest area that this triangle can have?

答案:820
知识点:三角形面积余弦定理最优化
难度评级:2510
小提示:

BC=40tBC=40tAC=41tAC=41t,并结合 AB=9AB=9 使用余弦定理

Set BC=40t,BC=40t, AC=41t,AC=41t, and use the Law of Cosines with AB=9AB=9

大提示:

将面积表示为 cosC\cos C 的函数,并使其平方最大

Express the area as a function of cosC\cos C and maximize its square

解答:

BC=40tBC=40tAC=41tAC=41t,并令 x=cosCx=\cos C。由余弦定理可得 81=t2(32813280x)81=t^2(3281-3280x)\text{,}而面积为 820t21x2820t^2\sqrt{1-x^2}。因此面积等于 820811x232813280x820\cdot81\,\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{3281-3280x}\text{。}对其对数求导可知,当 x=32803281x=\frac{3280}{3281} 时取得最大值。此时 1x2=813281\sqrt{1-x^2}=\frac{81}{3281},且 32813280x=656132813281-3280x=\frac{6561}{3281},所以最大面积为 820820

Set BC=40t,BC=40t, AC=41t,AC=41t, and x=cosC.x=\cos C. The Law of Cosines gives 81=t2(32813280x),81=t^2(3281-3280x), while the area is 820t21x2.820t^2\sqrt{1-x^2}. Hence it equals 820811x232813280x.820\cdot81\,\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{3281-3280x}. Differentiating its logarithm shows the maximum occurs at x=32803281.x=\frac{3280}{3281}. Then 1x2=813281\sqrt{1-x^2}=\frac{81}{3281} and 32813280x=65613281,3281-3280x=\frac{6561}{3281}, so the maximum area is 820.820.

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