1989 AIME 第 13 题

先试着解答 1989 AIME 第 13 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1989 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

13.

SS{1,2,3,,1989}\{1,2,3,\ldots,1989\} 的一个子集,且 SS 中任意两个元素之差都不等于 4477SS 最多能有多少个元素?

Let SS be a subset of {1,2,3,,1989}\{1,2,3,\ldots,1989\} such that no two members of SS differ by 44 or 7.7. What is the largest number of elements SS can have?

答案:905
知识点:极端原理图论子集
难度评级:2930
小提示:

对任意十一个连续整数,按禁差关系得到的图是一个 1111

Within any eleven consecutive integers, the forbidden-difference graph is an 1111-cycle

大提示:

为构造达到上界的集合,寻找模 1111 的五个可选剩余类

For a matching construction, look for five allowable residue classes modulo 1111

解答:

在任意十一个连续整数中,若两数之差为 4477,就将它们相连。由于 7=1147=11-4,所得图是一个 1111 环,其最大独立集的大小为 55。类似地,任意十个连续整数诱导出一条含十个顶点的路径,最多可贡献 55 个元素。因为 1989=17911+2101989=179\cdot11+2\cdot10,所以 S179(5)+2(5)=905|S|\leq179(5)+2(5)=905

选取所有模 1111 的余数为 1133446699 的整数即可达到此上界。所选余数中任意两个在模 1111 意义下都不相差 4477,而从 1119891989 之间,这五个余数各出现 181181 次。因此最大值为 5(181)=9055(181)=905

On any eleven consecutive integers, join two numbers when their difference is 44 or 7.7. Because 7=114,7=11-4, this graph is an 1111-cycle, whose largest independent set has size 5.5. Similarly, any ten consecutive integers induce a path on ten vertices and contribute at most 5.5. Since 1989=17911+210,1989=179\cdot11+2\cdot10, this gives S179(5)+2(5)=905.|S|\leq179(5)+2(5)=905.

This bound is attained by taking every integer whose residue modulo 1111 is 1,1, 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, or 9.9. No two selected residues differ by 44 or 77 modulo 11,11, and each of these five residues occurs 181181 times from 11 through 1989.1989. Thus the maximum is 5(181)=905.5(181)=905.

← 第 12 题#12
完整试卷

其他年份的第 13 题