1994 AIME 第 13 题

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13.

方程 x10+(13x1)10=0x^{10}+(13x-1)^{10}=01010 个复根 r1r_1r1\overline{r_1}r2r_2r2\overline{r_2}r3r_3r3\overline{r_3}r4r_4r4\overline{r_4}r5r_5r5\overline{r_5},其中上横线表示复共轭。求下式的值:1r1r1+1r2r2+1r3r3+1r4r4+1r5r5\begin{aligned}&\frac1{r_1\overline{r_1}}+\frac1{r_2\overline{r_2}}+\frac1{r_3\overline{r_3}}\\&\quad+\frac1{r_4\overline{r_4}}+\frac1{r_5\overline{r_5}}\end{aligned}\text{。}

The equation x10+(13x1)10=0x^{10}+(13x-1)^{10}=0 has 1010 complex roots r1,r_1, r1,\overline{r_1}, r2,r_2, r2,\overline{r_2}, r3,r_3, r3,\overline{r_3}, r4,r_4, r4,\overline{r_4}, r5,r_5, r5,\overline{r_5}, where the bar denotes complex conjugation. Find the value of 1r1r1+1r2r2+1r3r3+1r4r4+1r5r5.\begin{aligned}&\frac1{r_1\overline{r_1}}+\frac1{r_2\overline{r_2}}+\frac1{r_3\overline{r_3}}\\&\quad+\frac1{r_4\overline{r_4}}+\frac1{r_5\overline{r_5}}.\end{aligned}

答案:850
知识点:单位根复数求和
难度评级:2650
小提示:

x13x1=ζ\frac{x}{13x-1}=\zeta,其中 ζ10=1\zeta^{10}=-1

Set x13x1=ζ,\frac{x}{13x-1}=\zeta, where ζ10=1\zeta^{10}=-1

大提示:

1x2\frac{1}{|x|^2}ζ+ζ\zeta+\overline\zeta 表示,再对五对共轭根求和

Express 1x2\frac{1}{|x|^2} in terms of ζ+ζ\zeta+\overline\zeta and sum over the five conjugate pairs

解答:

ζ=x13x1\zeta=\frac{x}{13x-1},则 ζ10=1\zeta^{10}=-1,并且 x=ζ13ζ1,1x=13ζ1\begin{aligned}x&=\frac{\zeta}{13\zeta-1},\\\frac1x&=13-\zeta^{-1}\end{aligned}\text{。}由于 ζ=1|\zeta|=11x2=13ζ12=17013(ζ+ζ)\begin{aligned}\frac1{|x|^2}&=|13-\zeta^{-1}|^2\\&=170-13(\zeta+\overline\zeta)\end{aligned}\text{。}从每对共轭根中取一个值求和,得到 51705\cdot170,再减去 1313 乘以 z10+1z^{10}+1 的全部十个根之和;这个根之和为 00。所求值为 850850

Let ζ=x13x1,\zeta=\frac{x}{13x-1}, so ζ10=1\zeta^{10}=-1 and x=ζ13ζ1,1x=13ζ1.\begin{aligned}x&=\frac{\zeta}{13\zeta-1},\\\frac1x&=13-\zeta^{-1}.\end{aligned} Since ζ=1,|\zeta|=1, 1x2=13ζ12=17013(ζ+ζ).\begin{aligned}\frac1{|x|^2}&=|13-\zeta^{-1}|^2\\&=170-13(\zeta+\overline\zeta).\end{aligned} Summing one value for each of the five conjugate pairs gives 51705\cdot170 minus 1313 times the sum of all ten roots of z10+1,z^{10}+1, which is 0.0. The requested value is 850.850.

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