2010 AIME I Problem 13

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 13 of the 2010 AIME I, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2010 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:sectorarea decompositionsimilarity

Difficulty rating: 3270

13.

Rectangle ABCDABCD and a semicircle with diameter AB\overline{AB} are coplanar and have nonoverlapping interiors. Let R\mathcal{R} denote the region enclosed by the semicircle and the rectangle. Line \ell meets the semicircle, segment AB,\overline{AB}, and segment CD\overline{CD} at distinct points N,N, U,U, and T,T, respectively. Line \ell divides region R\mathcal{R} into two regions with areas in the ratio 1:2.1 : 2. Suppose that AU=84,AU = 84, AN=126,AN = 126, and UB=168.UB = 168. Then DADA can be represented as mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

Solution:

Here AB=84+168=252,AB = 84 + 168 = 252, so the semicircle has center OO (the midpoint of AB\overline{AB}) and radius 126.126. Since AN=AO=ON=126,AN = AO = ON = 126, triangle AONAON is equilateral, so AON=60\angle AON = 60^\circ and sector AONAON is exactly one third of the semicircle. Likewise, if QQ is the foot of the perpendicular from UU to DC,\overline{DC}, then AU:UB=1:2AU : UB = 1 : 2 makes rectangle AUQDAUQD one third of rectangle ABCD.ABCD.

The part of R\mathcal{R} on the AA-side of \ell equals (sector AONAON) - [NUO][NUO] ++ (rectangle AUQDAUQD) ++ [UQT].[UQT]. Since this must be one third of R,\mathcal{R}, we need [NUO]=[UQT].[NUO] = [UQT]. Let PP be the foot of the perpendicular from NN to AB.\overline{AB}. In the 3030-6060-9090 triangle NOP,NOP, OP=63OP = 63 and NP=633,NP = 63\sqrt{3}, so UP=8463=21UP = 84 - 63 = 21 and UO=12684=42.UO = 126 - 84 = 42. Triangles NUPNUP and TUQTUQ are similar right triangles (vertical angles at UU), so [UQT][NUP]=(UQNP)2,[NUO][NUP]=UOUP=2,\frac{[UQT]}{[NUP]} = \left(\frac{UQ}{NP}\right)^2, \qquad \frac{[NUO]}{[NUP]} = \frac{UO}{UP} = 2, the latter because both triangles have height NPNP over bases UOUO and UP.UP.

Setting the two triangle areas equal gives (UQNP)2=2,\left(\frac{UQ}{NP}\right)^2 = 2, so DA=UQ=NP2=6332=636,DA = UQ = NP\sqrt{2} = 63\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{2} = 63\sqrt{6}, and m+n=63+6=69.m + n = 63 + 6 = 69.

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