2000 AIME II 第 13 题

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13.

方程 2000x6+100x5+10x32000x^6 + 100x^5 + 10x^3 +x−2=0+ x - 2 = 0 恰有两个实根,其中一个是 m+nr\frac{m + \sqrt{n}}{r},其中 mm、nn、rr 是整数,mm 与 rr 互质,且 r>0r \gt 0。求 m+n+rm + n + r。

The equation 2000x6+100x5+10x32000x^6 + 100x^5 + 10x^3 +x−2=0+ x - 2 = 0 has exactly two real roots, one of which is m+nr,\frac{m + \sqrt{n}}{r}, where m,m, n,n, and rr are integers, mm and rr are relatively prime, and r>0.r \gt 0. Find m+n+r.m + n + r.

答案:200
知识点:多项式立方和与立方差因式分解二次方程
难度评级:2920
小提示:

分组为 2(1000x6−1)2(1000x^6 - 1) +x(100x4+10x2+1)+ x(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1),并把 1000x6−11000x^6 - 1 看作关于 10x210x^2 的立方差来分解。

Group as 2(1000x6−1)2(1000x^6 - 1) +x(100x4+10x2+1)+ x(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) and factor 1000x6−11000x^6 - 1 as a difference of cubes in 10x210x^2

大提示:

两组都有因子 100x4+10x2+1100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1,而它恒为正,所以实根来自一个二次方程。

Both groups share the factor 100x4+10x2+1,100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1, which is always positive, so the real roots come from a quadratic

解答:

把方程左边分组为 2(1000x6−1)+x(100x4+10x2+1)=0。 \begin{aligned} &2(1000x^6 - 1) \\ &\quad {}+ x(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) = 0 \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 1000x6−1=(10x2)3−11000x^6 - 1 = (10x^2)^3 - 1 =(10x2−1)= (10x^2 - 1) (100x4+10x2+1)(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1),左边可分解为 (100x4+10x2+1)(2(10x2−1)+x)=(100x4+10x2+1)(20x2+x−2)。 \begin{aligned} &(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) \\ &\quad \big(2(10x^2 - 1) + x\big) \\ &= (100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) \\ &\quad (20x^2 + x - 2) \end{aligned}\text{。}

四次因子恒为正,所以两个实根是 20x2+x−2=020x^2 + x - 2 = 0 的根,即 x=−1±16140x = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{161}}{40}。符合 m+nr\frac{m + \sqrt{n}}{r} 形式的根为 −1+16140\frac{-1 + \sqrt{161}}{40},其中 m=−1m = -1、n=161n = 161、r=40r = 40,且 gcd⁡(−1,40)=1\gcd(-1, 40) = 1。因此 m+n+r=−1+161+40m + n + r = -1 + 161 + 40 =200= 200。

Group the equation as 2(1000x6−1)+x(100x4+10x2+1)=0. \begin{aligned} &2(1000x^6 - 1) \\ &\quad {}+ x(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) = 0. \end{aligned} Since 1000x6−1=(10x2)3−11000x^6 - 1 = (10x^2)^3 - 1 =(10x2−1)= (10x^2 - 1) (100x4+10x2+1),(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1), the left side factors as (100x4+10x2+1)(2(10x2−1)+x)=(100x4+10x2+1)(20x2+x−2). \begin{aligned} &(100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) \\ &\quad \big(2(10x^2 - 1) + x\big) \\ &= (100x^4 + 10x^2 + 1) \\ &\quad (20x^2 + x - 2). \end{aligned}

The quartic factor is always positive, so the two real roots are the roots of 20x2+x−2=0,20x^2 + x - 2 = 0, namely x=−1±16140.x = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{161}}{40}. The root of the form m+nr\frac{m + \sqrt{n}}{r} is −1+16140,\frac{-1 + \sqrt{161}}{40}, with m=−1,m = -1, n=161,n = 161, r=40,r = 40, and gcd⁡(−1,40)=1.\gcd(-1, 40) = 1. Thus m+n+r=−1+161+40m + n + r = -1 + 161 + 40 =200.= 200.

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