2013 AIME II Problem 13

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 13 of the 2013 AIME II, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2013 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:law of cosinesmedian (geometry)system of equations

Difficulty rating: 3060

13.

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AC=BC,AC = BC, and point DD is on BC\overline{BC} so that CD=3BD.CD = 3 \cdot BD. Let EE be the midpoint of AD.\overline{AD}. Given that CE=7CE = \sqrt{7} and BE=3,BE = 3, the area of ABC\triangle ABC can be expressed in the form mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

Solution:

Let AB=2xAB = 2x and AC=BC=y,AC = BC = y, so BD=y4,BD = \frac{y}{4}, CD=3y4,CD = \frac{3y}{4}, and cosB=xy\cos B = \frac{x}{y} (drop the altitude from CC to the midpoint of AB\overline{AB}). The law of cosines in triangle ABDABD gives AD2=4x2+y21622xy4xy=3x2+y216.AD^2 = 4x^2 + \frac{y^2}{16} - 2 \cdot 2x \cdot \frac{y}{4} \cdot \frac{x}{y} = 3x^2 + \frac{y^2}{16}.

Both CECE and BEBE are medians to AD,\overline{AD}, in triangles ACDACD and ABDABD respectively. The median formula 4m2=2b2+2c2a24m^2 = 2b^2 + 2c^2 - a^2 gives 28=2y2+18y216AD2=49y2163x2,36=8x2+2y216AD2=5x2+y216.28 = 2y^2 + \frac{18y^2}{16} - AD^2 = \frac{49y^2}{16} - 3x^2, \qquad 36 = 8x^2 + \frac{2y^2}{16} - AD^2 = 5x^2 + \frac{y^2}{16}. From the second equation y216=365x2;\frac{y^2}{16} = 36 - 5x^2; substituting into the first gives 49(365x2)3x2=28,49(36 - 5x^2) - 3x^2 = 28, so 248x2=1736,248x^2 = 1736, x2=7,x^2 = 7, and then y2=16.y^2 = 16.

The altitude from CC has length y2x2=3,\sqrt{y^2 - x^2} = 3, so the area is 122x3=37,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2x \cdot 3 = 3\sqrt{7}, and m+n=3+7=10.m + n = 3 + 7 = 10.

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