1994 AIME 第 12 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

一块有围栏的长方形田地宽 2424 米、长 5252 米。一名农业研究人员有 19941994 米围栏,可用作内部围栏,把田地分割成全等的正方形试验地块。整块田地必须全部分割,而且正方形的边必须与田地边缘平行。使用这 19941994 米围栏中的全部或一部分,最多可以把田地分成多少块正方形试验地?

A fenced, rectangular field measures 2424 meters by 5252 meters. An agricultural researcher has 19941994 meters of fence that can be used for internal fencing to partition the field into congruent, square test plots. The entire field must be partitioned, and the sides of the squares must be parallel to the edges of the field. What is the largest number of square test plots into which the field can be partitioned using all or some of the 19941994 meters of fence?

答案:702
知识点:铺砖整除性最优化
难度评级:1900
小提示:

若有 mm 行和 nn 列,则正方形边长相等迫使 m:n=6:13m:n=6:13

If there are mm rows and nn columns, equality of square side lengths forces m:n=6:13m:n=6:13

大提示:

m=6km=6kn=13kn=13k,然后只计算内部围栏的长度

Write m=6km=6k and n=13kn=13k, then calculate only the internal fence length

解答:

设网格有 6k6k 行和 13k13k 列,则每个正方形的边长为 4k\frac{4}{k}。内部的竖直和水平围栏总长为 52(6k1)+24(13k1)=624k76\begin{aligned}&52(6k-1)+24(13k-1)\\&\quad=624k-76\end{aligned}\text{。}要求该长度不超过 19941994,得到 k3k\leq3。当 k=3k=3 时,地块数为 (6k)(13k)=78k2=702(6k)(13k)=78k^2=702

Let the grid have 6k6k rows and 13k13k columns, so each square has side 4k.\frac{4}{k}. The internal vertical and horizontal fences have total length 52(6k1)+24(13k1)=624k76.\begin{aligned}&52(6k-1)+24(13k-1)\\&\quad=624k-76.\end{aligned} Requiring this to be at most 19941994 gives k3.k\leq3. With k=3,k=3, the number of plots is (6k)(13k)=78k2=702.(6k)(13k)=78k^2=702.

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