1995 AIME 第 12 题

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12.

棱锥 OABCDOABCD 的底面 ABCDABCD 是正方形,棱 OA\overline{OA}OB\overline{OB}OC\overline{OC}OD\overline{OD} 全等,并且 AOB=45\angle AOB=45^\circ。设 θ\theta 为面 OABOAB 和面 OBCOBC 所成二面角的度数。已知 cosθ=m+n\cos\theta=m+\sqrt n,其中 mmnn 是整数,求 m+nm+n

Pyramid OABCDOABCD has square base ABCD,ABCD, congruent edges OA,\overline{OA}, OB,\overline{OB}, OC,\overline{OC}, and OD,\overline{OD}, and AOB=45.\angle AOB=45^\circ. Let θ\theta be the measure of the dihedral angle formed by faces OABOAB and OBC.OBC. Given that cosθ=m+n,\cos\theta=m+\sqrt n, where mm and nn are integers, find m+n.m+n.

答案:5
知识点:立体几何坐标几何向量
难度评级:2450
小提示:

将正方形的顶点置于 (±1,±1,0)(\pm1,\pm1,0),并将棱锥顶点置于 (0,0,h)(0,0,h)

Place the square’s vertices at (±1,±1,0)(\pm1,\pm1,0) and the apex at (0,0,h)(0,0,h)

大提示:

h2h^2 时利用 AOB\angle AOB,再取合适面法向量夹角的补角

Find h2h^2 from AOB,\angle AOB, then take the supplement of the angle between suitable face normals

解答:

取相邻的底面顶点 A=(1,1,0)A=(1,1,0)B=(1,1,0)B=(-1,1,0)C=(1,1,0)C=(-1,-1,0),并令 O=(0,0,h)O=(0,0,h)。由 AOB=45\angle AOB=45^\circh2h2+2=12,h2=2+22\begin{aligned}\frac{h^2}{h^2+2}&=\frac1{\sqrt2},\\h^2&=2+2\sqrt2\end{aligned}\text{。}两个面的法向量可分别取为 (0,2h,2)(0,2h,2)(2h,0,2)(-2h,0,2)。它们所成锐角的余弦为 1h2+1=322\frac{1}{h^2+1}=3-2\sqrt2。内部二面角是这个角的补角,所以 cosθ=223=3+8\cos\theta=2\sqrt2-3=-3+\sqrt8\text{。}因此 m+n=3+8=5m+n=-3+8=5

Take adjacent base vertices A=(1,1,0),A=(1,1,0), B=(1,1,0),B=(-1,1,0), C=(1,1,0)C=(-1,-1,0) and O=(0,0,h).O=(0,0,h). From AOB=45,\angle AOB=45^\circ, h2h2+2=12,h2=2+22.\begin{aligned}\frac{h^2}{h^2+2}&=\frac1{\sqrt2},\\h^2&=2+2\sqrt2.\end{aligned} Normals to the two faces may be taken as (0,2h,2)(0,2h,2) and (2h,0,2).(-2h,0,2). Their acute angle has cosine 1h2+1=322.\frac{1}{h^2+1}=3-2\sqrt2. The interior dihedral angle is its supplement, so cosθ=223=3+8.\cos\theta=2\sqrt2-3=-3+\sqrt8. Thus m+n=3+8=5.m+n=-3+8=5.

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