1990 AIME 第 12 题

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12.

一个正 1212 边形内接于半径为 1212 的圆。该正 1212 边形所有边和对角线的长度之和可写成 a+b2+c3+d6a+b\sqrt2+c\sqrt3+d\sqrt6\text{,}其中 aabbccdd 均为正整数。求 a+b+c+da+b+c+d

A regular 1212-gon is inscribed in a circle of radius 12.12. The sum of the lengths of all sides and diagonals of the 1212-gon can be written in the form a+b2+c3+d6,a+b\sqrt2+c\sqrt3+d\sqrt6, where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive integers. Find a+b+c+d.a+b+c+d.

答案:720
知识点:特殊直角三角形求和
难度评级:2380
小提示:

按弦跨过的顶点步数 kk 分组,其中 kk1122\ldots66

Group the chords by the number of vertex steps k,k, where kk is 1,1, 2,2, ,\ldots, or 66

大提示:

k<6k\lt6 时,有 1212 条长度为 24sin(kπ12)24\sin(\frac{k\pi}{12}) 的弦;此外还有 66 条直径

For k<6k\lt6 there are 1212 chords of length 24sin(kπ12),24\sin(\frac{k\pi}{12}), while there are 66 diameters

解答:

kk 分别等于 1122\ldots55 时,每种都有 1212 条长度为 24sin(kπ12)24\sin(\frac{k\pi}{12}) 的弦;另有 66 条长度为 2424 的直径。这五种弦长为 6(62),12,122,123,6(6+2)\begin{gathered}6(\sqrt6-\sqrt2),\quad12,\quad12\sqrt2,\\12\sqrt3,\quad6(\sqrt6+\sqrt2)\end{gathered}\text{。}它们的和 UUU=12+122+123+126\begin{aligned}U&=12+12\sqrt2\\&\quad+12\sqrt3+12\sqrt6\end{aligned}\text{。}因此总长度为 12U+6(24)=288+1442+1443+1446\begin{aligned}12U+6(24)&=288+144\sqrt2\\&\quad+144\sqrt3\\&\quad+144\sqrt6\end{aligned}\text{。}所以 a=288a=288,且 b=c=d=144b=c=d=144,从而 a+b+c+d=720a+b+c+d=720

For kk equal to 1,1, 2,2, ,\ldots, and 5,5, there are 1212 chords of length 24sin(kπ12),24\sin(\frac{k\pi}{12}), and there are 66 diameters of length 24.24. The five chord lengths are 6(62),12,122,123,6(6+2).\begin{gathered}6(\sqrt6-\sqrt2),\quad12,\quad12\sqrt2,\\12\sqrt3,\quad6(\sqrt6+\sqrt2).\end{gathered} Their sum UU is U=12+122+123+126.\begin{aligned}U&=12+12\sqrt2\\&\quad+12\sqrt3+12\sqrt6.\end{aligned} Therefore the total is 12U+6(24)=288+1442+1443+1446.\begin{aligned}12U+6(24)&=288+144\sqrt2\\&\quad+144\sqrt3\\&\quad+144\sqrt6.\end{aligned} Hence a=288a=288 and b=c=d=144,b=c=d=144, so a+b+c+d=720.a+b+c+d=720.

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