2006 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

等边 △ABC\triangle ABC 内接于半径为 22 的圆。将 AB‾\overline{AB} 经过 BB 延长到点 DD,使 AD=13AD = 13,并将 AC‾\overline{AC} 经过 CC 延长到点 EE,使 AE=11AE = 11。过 DD,作直线 ℓ1\ell_1 平行于 AE‾\overline{AE},过 EE,作直线 ℓ2\ell_2 平行于 AD‾\overline{AD}。令 FF 为 ℓ1\ell_1 和 ℓ2\ell_2 的交点。令 GG 为圆上与 AA 和 FF 共线且不同于 AA 的点。已知 △CBG\triangle CBG 的面积可表示为 pqr\frac{p\sqrt{q}}{r},其中 pp、qq 和 rr 是正整数,pp 与 rr 互质,且 qq 不被任何质数的平方整除,求 p+q+rp + q + r。

Equilateral △ABC\triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle of radius 2.2. Extend AB‾\overline{AB} through BB to point DD so that AD=13,AD = 13, and extend AC‾\overline{AC} through CC to point EE so that AE=11.AE = 11. Through D,D, draw a line ℓ1\ell_1 parallel to AE‾,\overline{AE}, and through E,E, draw a line ℓ2\ell_2 parallel to AD‾.\overline{AD}. Let FF be the intersection of ℓ1\ell_1 and ℓ2.\ell_2. Let GG be the point on the circle that is collinear with AA and FF and distinct from A.A. Given that the area of △CBG\triangle CBG can be expressed in the form pqr,\frac{p\sqrt{q}}{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers, pp and rr are relatively prime, and qq is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

答案:865
知识点:相似圆周角余弦定理平行四边形
难度评级:3060
小提示:

ADFEADFE 是平行四边形,所以 ∠ADF=120∘\angle ADF = 120^\circ;用余弦定理求出 [ADF][ADF] 和 AFAF。

ADFEADFE is a parallelogram, so ∠ADF=120∘;\angle ADF = 120^\circ; find [ADF][ADF] and AFAF by the law of cosines.

大提示:

圆周角说明 △CBG∼△AFD\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD,相似比为 BC:AFBC : AF,其中 BC=23BC = 2\sqrt{3}。

Inscribed angles show △CBG∼△AFD,\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD, with ratio BC:AFBC : AF where BC=23.BC = 2\sqrt{3}.

解答:

根据构造,ADFEADFE 是平行四边形,其中 AD=13AD = 13,DF=AE=11DF = AE = 11,且 ∠ADF=180∘−∠DAE\angle ADF = 180^\circ - \angle DAE =120∘= 120^\circ。因此 [ADF]=12⋅13⋅11sin⁡120∘[ADF] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \sin 120^\circ =14334= \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4},由余弦定理,AF2=132+112−2⋅13⋅11cos⁡120∘=169+121+143=433。 \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= 13^2 + 11^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \cos 120^\circ \\ &= 169 + 121 + 143 \\ &= 433 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为 GG 在圆上,圆周角给出 ∠GCB=∠GAB=∠FAD\angle GCB = \angle GAB = \angle FAD(都截同一段弧 GBGB)以及 ∠CBG=∠CAG\angle CBG = \angle CAG(都截同一段弧 CGCG);并且 ∠CAG=∠AFD\angle CAG = \angle AFD,因为 AE‾∥DF‾\overline{AE} \parallel \overline{DF}。所以 △CBG∼△AFD\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD,相似比为 CBAF\frac{CB}{AF}。内接于半径 22 的圆的等边三角形边长为 BC=23BC = 2\sqrt{3}。

因此 [CBG]=(23433)2⋅14334=12433⋅14334=4293433, \begin{aligned} [CBG] &= \left(\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{433}}\right)^2 \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{12}{433} \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{429\sqrt{3}}{433} \end{aligned}\text{,}且 p+q+rp + q + r =429+3+433= 429 + 3 + 433 =865= 865。

By construction ADFEADFE is a parallelogram with AD=13,AD = 13, DF=AE=11,DF = AE = 11, and ∠ADF=180∘−∠DAE\angle ADF = 180^\circ - \angle DAE =120∘.= 120^\circ. Hence [ADF]=12⋅13⋅11sin⁡120∘[ADF] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \sin 120^\circ =14334,= \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4}, and by the law of cosines, AF2=132+112−2⋅13⋅11cos⁡120∘=169+121+143=433. \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= 13^2 + 11^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \cos 120^\circ \\ &= 169 + 121 + 143 \\ &= 433. \end{aligned}

Since GG lies on the circle, inscribed angles give ∠GCB=∠GAB=∠FAD\angle GCB = \angle GAB = \angle FAD (both subtend arc GBGB) and ∠CBG=∠CAG\angle CBG = \angle CAG (both subtend arc CGCG); and ∠CAG=∠AFD\angle CAG = \angle AFD because AE‾∥DF‾.\overline{AE} \parallel \overline{DF}. So △CBG∼△AFD\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD with ratio CBAF.\frac{CB}{AF}. The side of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of radius 22 is BC=23.BC = 2\sqrt{3}.

Therefore [CBG]=(23433)2⋅14334=12433⋅14334=4293433, \begin{aligned} [CBG] &= \left(\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{433}}\right)^2 \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{12}{433} \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{429\sqrt{3}}{433}, \end{aligned} and p+q+rp + q + r =429+3+433= 429 + 3 + 433 =865.= 865.

第 11 题#11
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