2012 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

设 △ABC\triangle ABC 是直角三角形,直角在 CC。点 DD 和 EE 在 AB‾\overline{AB} 上,且 DD 位于 AA 与 EE 之间,并且 CD‾\overline{CD} 与 CE‾\overline{CE} 三等分 ∠C\angle C。若 DEBE=815\frac{DE}{BE} = \frac{8}{15},则 tan⁡B\tan B 可写成 mpn\frac{m\sqrt{p}}{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是互质正整数,pp 是不被任何素数平方整除的正整数。求 m+n+pm + n + p。

Let △ABC\triangle ABC be a right triangle with right angle at C.C. Let DD and EE be points on AB‾\overline{AB} with DD between AA and EE such that CD‾\overline{CD} and CE‾\overline{CE} trisect ∠C.\angle C. If DEBE=815,\frac{DE}{BE} = \frac{8}{15}, then tan⁡B\tan B can be written as mpn,\frac{m\sqrt{p}}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, and pp is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:18
知识点:角平分线定理余弦定理三角学
难度评级:2840
小提示:

在三角形 DCBDCB 中,射线 CECE 平分角 DCBDCB,该角为 60∘60^\circ,所以 CDCB=DEEB=815\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}

In triangle DCB,DCB, ray CECE bisects angle DCB,DCB, which measures 60∘,60^\circ, so CDCB=DEEB=815\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}

大提示:

取 CD=8CD = 8、CB=15CB = 15;用余弦定理求出 BDBD,再用一次余弦定理求 cos⁡B\cos B

Take CD=8CD = 8 and CB=15;CB = 15; the Law of Cosines gives BD,BD, and a second application gives cos⁡B\cos B

解答:

两条三等分线使 ∠ACD=∠DCE=∠ECB\angle ACD = \angle DCE = \angle ECB =30∘= 30^\circ。在三角形 DCBDCB 中,射线 CECE 平分角 DCBDCB,该角为 60∘60^\circ,所以由角平分线定理,CDCB=DEEB=815\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}。把三角形按比例放大或缩小,使 CD=8CD = 8、CB=15CB = 15。

在三角形 DCBDCB 中用余弦定理,BD2=82+152−2⋅8⋅15cos⁡60∘=169, \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= 8^2 + 15^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 8 \cdot 15 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 169 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 BD=13BD = 13。在同一三角形中再用余弦定理,82=132+152−2⋅13⋅15cos⁡B8^2 = 13^2 + 15^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 15 \cos B,得到 cos⁡B=1113\cos B = \frac{11}{13}。

因此 sin⁡B=1−121169=4313\sin B = \sqrt{1 - \frac{121}{169}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{13},所以 tan⁡B=4311\tan B = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{11},并且 m+n+p=4+11+3=18m + n + p = 4 + 11 + 3 = 18。

The trisectors make ∠ACD=∠DCE=∠ECB\angle ACD = \angle DCE = \angle ECB =30∘.= 30^\circ. In triangle DCB,DCB, ray CECE bisects angle DCB,DCB, which measures 60∘,60^\circ, so the angle bisector theorem gives CDCB=DEEB=815.\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}. Scale the triangle so that CD=8CD = 8 and CB=15.CB = 15.

By the Law of Cosines in triangle DCB,DCB, BD2=82+152−2⋅8⋅15cos⁡60∘=169, \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= 8^2 + 15^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 8 \cdot 15 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 169, \end{aligned} so BD=13.BD = 13. Applying the Law of Cosines again in the same triangle, 82=132+152−2⋅13⋅15cos⁡B,8^2 = 13^2 + 15^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 15 \cos B, which gives cos⁡B=1113.\cos B = \frac{11}{13}.

Then sin⁡B=1−121169=4313,\sin B = \sqrt{1 - \frac{121}{169}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{13}, so tan⁡B=4311\tan B = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{11} and m+n+p=4+11+3=18.m + n + p = 4 + 11 + 3 = 18.

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