2006 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

求 xx 的所有取值之和,其中 cos⁡33x+cos⁡35x\cos^3 3x + \cos^3 5x =8cos⁡34xcos⁡3x= 8 \cos^3 4x \cos^3 x,且 xx 以度为单位并满足 100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200。

Find the sum of the values of xx such that cos⁡33x+cos⁡35x\cos^3 3x + \cos^3 5x =8cos⁡34xcos⁡3x,= 8 \cos^3 4x \cos^3 x, where xx is measured in degrees and 100<x<200.100 \lt x \lt 200.

答案:906
知识点:三角恒等式立方和与立方差分类讨论
难度评级:2990
小提示:

积化和差:2cos⁡4xcos⁡x=cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x2\cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x,所以方程变为 y3+z3=(y+z)3y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3

Product-to-sum: 2cos⁡4xcos⁡x=cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x,2\cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x, so the equation reads y3+z3=(y+z)3y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3

大提示:

(y+z)3−y3−z3=3yz(y+z)(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y+z),所以 cos⁡3x\cos 3x、cos⁡5x\cos 5x、cos⁡4xcos⁡x\cos 4x \cos x 中至少一个必须为零

(y+z)3−y3−z3=3yz(y+z),(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y+z), so one of cos⁡3x,\cos 3x, cos⁡5x,\cos 5x, cos⁡4xcos⁡x\cos 4x \cos x must vanish

解答:

由积化和差恒等式,2cos⁡4xcos⁡x=cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x2 \cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x,所以右边为 (cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x)3(\cos 5x + \cos 3x)^3。令 y=cos⁡3xy = \cos 3x,z=cos⁡5xz = \cos 5x,方程变为 y3+z3=(y+z)3y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3,而 (y+z)3−y3−z3=3yz(y+z)(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y + z),所以它成立当且仅当 cos⁡3x=0,cos⁡5x=0, \begin{aligned} \cos 3x &= 0, \\ \cos 5x &= 0 \end{aligned}\text{,}或 cos⁡4xcos⁡x=0。 \cos 4x \cos x = 0\text{。}

对 100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200(单位为度):cos⁡3x=0\cos 3x = 0 给出 x=150x = 150;cos⁡5x=0\cos 5x = 0 给出 x=126x = 126、162162、198198;cos⁡4x=0\cos 4x = 0 给出 x=112.5x = 112.5、157.5157.5;而 cos⁡x=0\cos x = 0 在该区间内无解。

和为 150+126+162+198+112.5+157.5=906。 \begin{aligned} &150 + 126 + 162 \\ &\quad {}+ 198 + 112.5 + 157.5 \\ &= 906 \end{aligned}\text{。}

By the product-to-sum identity, 2cos⁡4xcos⁡x=cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x,2 \cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x, so the right side is (cos⁡5x+cos⁡3x)3.(\cos 5x + \cos 3x)^3. Setting y=cos⁡3xy = \cos 3x and z=cos⁡5x,z = \cos 5x, the equation becomes y3+z3=(y+z)3,y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3, and since (y+z)3−y3−z3=3yz(y+z),(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y + z), it holds exactly when cos⁡3x=0,cos⁡5x=0, \begin{aligned} \cos 3x &= 0, \\ \cos 5x &= 0, \end{aligned} or cos⁡4xcos⁡x=0. \cos 4x \cos x = 0.

For 100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200 in degrees: cos⁡3x=0\cos 3x = 0 gives x=150;x = 150; cos⁡5x=0\cos 5x = 0 gives x=126,x = 126, 162,162, 198;198; cos⁡4x=0\cos 4x = 0 gives x=112.5,x = 112.5, 157.5;157.5; and cos⁡x=0\cos x = 0 gives no solutions in the interval.

The sum is 150+126+162+198+112.5+157.5=906. \begin{aligned} &150 + 126 + 162 \\ &\quad {}+ 198 + 112.5 + 157.5 \\ &= 906. \end{aligned}

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