1993 AIME 第 12 题

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12.

ABC\triangle ABC 的顶点为 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(0,420)B=(0,420)C=(560,0)C=(560,0)。一枚骰子的六个面分别标有两个 AA、两个 BB 和两个 CC。选取点 P1=(k,m)P_1=(k,m),它位于 ABC\triangle ABC 内部;然后反复掷骰子并按以下规则生成点 P2P_2P3P_3P4P_4\ldots:若骰子掷出的标号为 LL,其中 L{A,B,C}L\in\{A,B,C\},且最近得到的点为 PnP_n,则 Pn+1P_{n+1}PnL\overline{P_nL} 的中点。已知 P7=(14,92)P_7=(14,92),求 k+mk+m

The vertices of ABC\triangle ABC are A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(0,420),B=(0,420), and C=(560,0).C=(560,0). The six faces of a die are labeled with two AA’s, two BB’s, and two CC’s. Point P1=(k,m)P_1=(k,m) is chosen in the interior of ABC,\triangle ABC, and points P2,P_2, P3,P_3, P4,P_4, \ldots are generated by rolling the die repeatedly and applying the rule: If the die shows label L,L, where L{A,B,C},L\in\{A,B,C\}, and PnP_n is the most recently obtained point, then Pn+1P_{n+1} is the midpoint of PnL.\overline{P_nL}. Given that P7=(14,92),P_7=(14,92), what is k+m?k+m?

答案:344
知识点:坐标几何2的幂递推
难度评级:2600
小提示:

将关于 P7P_7 的方程乘以 6464,逆向处理六次取中点操作

Reverse the six midpoint operations by multiplying the equation for P7P_7 by 6464

大提示:

六次掷出的顶点分别获得权重 1122448816163232;先使用 xx 坐标

The six rolled vertices receive the distinct weights 1,1, 2,2, 4,4, 8,8, 16,16, and 3232; use the xx-coordinate first

解答:

XXYY 分别为权重 1122448816163232 中分配给掷出 CCBB 的权重之和。反复应用中点规则可得 64P7=P1+X(560,0)+Y(0,420)\begin{aligned}64P_7&=P_1+X(560,0)\\&\quad+Y(0,420)\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 k=896560Xk=896-560X。由于 P1P_1 在三角形内部,0<k<5600<k<560,这迫使 X=1X=1k=336k=336。随后,由点在三角形内部的坐标条件得 0<m<1680<m<168。又因为 m=5888420Ym=5888-420Y,所以唯一可能的整数 YY1414,从而 m=8m=8。因此 k+m=344k+m=344

Let XX and YY be the sums of the weights 1,1, 2,2, 4,4, 8,8, 16,16, and 3232 assigned to rolls of CC and B,B, respectively. Iterating the midpoint rule gives 64P7=P1+X(560,0)+Y(0,420).\begin{aligned}64P_7&=P_1+X(560,0)\\&\quad+Y(0,420).\end{aligned} Hence k=896560X.k=896-560X. Because P1P_1 is interior, 0<k<560,0<k<560, forcing X=1X=1 and k=336.k=336. The triangle inequality for its coordinates then gives 0<m<168.0<m<168. Since m=5888420Y,m=5888-420Y, the only possible integer YY is 14,14, giving m=8.m=8. Therefore k+m=344.k+m=344.

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