1989 AIME 第 12 题

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12.

如图,四面体 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=41AB=41AC=7AC=7AD=18AD=18BC=36BC=36BD=27BD=27CD=13CD=13。设棱 ABABCDCD 的中点之间的距离为 dd。求 d2d^2

Let ABCDABCD be a tetrahedron with AB=41,AB=41, AC=7,AC=7, AD=18,AD=18, BC=36,BC=36, BD=27,BD=27, and CD=13,CD=13, as shown in the figure. Let dd be the distance between the midpoints of edges ABAB and CD.CD. Find d2.d^2.

答案:137
知识点:立体几何中点向量
难度评级:2560
小提示:

用向量表示各顶点,并写出两个中点之间的向量

Represent the vertices by vectors and write the vector between the two midpoints

大提示:

用六条棱长展开 A+BCD2\lVert A+B-C-D\rVert^2

Expand A+BCD2\lVert A+B-C-D\rVert^2 in terms of the six edge lengths

解答:

顶点名称也表示相应的位置向量。两个中点之间的向量为 A+BCD2\frac{A+B-C-D}{2}。展开长度的平方,得到 4d2=AC2+AD2+BC2+BD2AB2CD2\begin{aligned}4d^2={}&AC^2+AD^2\\&+BC^2+BD^2\\&-AB^2-CD^2\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 4d2=72+182+362+272412132=548\begin{aligned}4d^2={}&7^2+18^2+36^2+27^2\\&-41^2-13^2=548\end{aligned}\text{,}所以 d2=137d^2=137

Let the vertex names also denote their position vectors. The vector between the midpoints is A+BCD2.\frac{A+B-C-D}{2}. Expanding squared lengths gives 4d2=AC2+AD2+BC2+BD2AB2CD2.\begin{aligned}4d^2={}&AC^2+AD^2\\&+BC^2+BD^2\\&-AB^2-CD^2.\end{aligned} Therefore 4d2=72+182+362+272412132=548,\begin{aligned}4d^2={}&7^2+18^2+36^2+27^2\\&-41^2-13^2=548,\end{aligned} so d2=137.d^2=137.

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