1989 AIME 第 14 题

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14.

给定正整数 nn,可以证明,每个形如 r+sir+si 的复数(其中 rrss 为整数)都能以 n+i-n+i 为底,并用整数 0011\ldotsn2n^2 作为数字,唯一地表示出来。也就是说,方程

r+si=am(n+i)m+am1(n+i)m1++a1(n+i)+a0\begin{aligned}r+si={}&a_m(-n+i)^m\\&+a_{m-1}(-n+i)^{m-1}\\&+\cdots+a_1(-n+i)\\&+a_0\end{aligned}

对唯一选定的非负整数 mm 以及从集合 {0,1,2,,n2}\{0,1,2,\ldots,n^2\} 中选出的数字 a0a_0a1a_1\ldotsama_m 成立,其中 am0a_m\ne0。我们记

r+si=(amam1a1a0)n+ir+si=(a_ma_{m-1}\ldots a_1a_0)_{-n+i}

表示 r+sir+sin+i-n+i 为底的展开。只有有限多个整数 k+0ik+0i 具有四位展开

k=(a3a2a1a0)3+ia30k=(a_3a_2a_1a_0)_{-3+i}\qquad a_3\ne0\text{。}

求所有这些 kk 的和。

Given a positive integer n,n, it can be shown that every complex number of the form r+si,r+si, where rr and ss are integers, can be uniquely expressed in the base n+i-n+i using the integers 0,0, 1,1, ,\ldots, n2n^2 as digits. That is, the equation

r+si=am(n+i)m+am1(n+i)m1++a1(n+i)+a0\begin{aligned}r+si={}&a_m(-n+i)^m\\&+a_{m-1}(-n+i)^{m-1}\\&+\cdots+a_1(-n+i)\\&+a_0\end{aligned}

is true for a unique choice of nonnegative integer mm and digits a0,a_0, a1,a_1, ,\ldots, ama_m chosen from the set {0,1,2,,n2},\{0,1,2,\ldots,n^2\}, with am0.a_m\ne0. We write

r+si=(amam1a1a0)n+ir+si=(a_ma_{m-1}\ldots a_1a_0)_{-n+i}

to denote the base n+i-n+i expansion of r+si.r+si. There are only finitely many integers k+0ik+0i that have four-digit expansions

k=(a3a2a1a0)3+ia30.k=(a_3a_2a_1a_0)_{-3+i}\qquad a_3\ne0.

Find the sum of all such k.k.

答案:490
知识点:复数进制方程组
难度评级:2840
小提示:

计算 3+i-3+i 的二次方和三次方,并令展开式的虚部等于零

Compute the second and third powers of 3+i-3+i and set the imaginary part of the expansion equal to zero

大提示:

数字的取值范围只留下两个可能的三元组 (a3,a2,a1)(a_3,a_2,a_1);再让 a0a_0 遍历所有数字

The digit bounds leave only two possible triples (a3,a2,a1)(a_3,a_2,a_1); then let a0a_0 range over all digits

解答:

b=3+ib=-3+i。则 b2=86ib^2=8-6i,且 b3=18+26ib^3=-18+26i

a3b3+a2b2+a1b+a0a_3b^3+a_2b^2+a_1b+a_0 的虚部为 26a36a2+a126a_3-6a_2+a_1\text{。}因此 a1=6a226a3a_1=6a_2-26a_3。由 1a391\leq a_3\leq90a1,a290\leq a_1,a_2\leq9,只有以下两种可能:(a3,a2,a1)=(1,5,4),(a3,a2,a1)=(2,9,2)\begin{gathered}(a_3,a_2,a_1)=(1,5,4),\\(a_3,a_2,a_1)=(2,9,2)\end{gathered}\text{。}

相应的实部分别为 10+a010+a_030+a030+a_0。当 a0a_000 取到 99 时,所求之和为 (10+11++19)+(30+31++39)=145+345=490\begin{aligned}&(10+11+\cdots+19)\\&\quad+(30+31+\cdots+39)\\&=145+345=490\end{aligned}\text{。}

Let b=3+i.b=-3+i. Then b2=86ib^2=8-6i and b3=18+26i.b^3=-18+26i.

The imaginary part of a3b3+a2b2+a1b+a0a_3b^3+a_2b^2+a_1b+a_0 is 26a36a2+a1.26a_3-6a_2+a_1. Thus a1=6a226a3.a_1=6a_2-26a_3. With 1a391\leq a_3\leq9 and 0a1,a29,0\leq a_1,a_2\leq9, the only possibilities are (a3,a2,a1)=(1,5,4),(a3,a2,a1)=(2,9,2).\begin{gathered}(a_3,a_2,a_1)=(1,5,4),\\(a_3,a_2,a_1)=(2,9,2).\end{gathered}

The corresponding real parts are 10+a010+a_0 and 30+a0,30+a_0, respectively. As a0a_0 ranges from 00 through 9,9, the required sum is (10+11++19)+(30+31++39)=145+345=490.\begin{aligned}&(10+11+\cdots+19)\\&\quad+(30+31+\cdots+39)\\&=145+345=490.\end{aligned}

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