1993 AIME 第 14 题

先试着解答 1993 AIME 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1993 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

若一个矩形内接于较大的矩形(每条边上各有一个顶点),并且这个小矩形可以绕其中心在大矩形内部旋转任意微小的角度,就称它为“可松动”的内接矩形。在所有可松动地内接于 6688 矩形的矩形中,最小周长形如 N\sqrt N,其中 NN 是正整数。求 NN

A rectangle that is inscribed in a larger rectangle (with one vertex on each side) is called unstuck if it is possible to rotate (however slightly) the smaller rectangle about its center within the confines of the larger. Of all the rectangles that can be inscribed unstuck in a 66 by 88 rectangle, the smallest perimeter has the form N,\sqrt N, for a positive integer N.N. Find N.N.

答案:448
知识点:坐标几何最优化矩形
难度评级:2890
小提示:

6688 的外矩形中心置于原点,并参数化位于右边和上边的两个相邻内矩形顶点

Center the 66-by-88 rectangle at the origin and parameterize consecutive inner vertices on the right and top sides

大提示:

利用两条半对角线等长建立两个自由坐标之间的关系,再用对角线和面积表示周长的平方

Use equal half-diagonals to relate the two free coordinates, then express the square of the perimeter through the diagonal and area

解答:

相对顶点分别落在外矩形的一对相对边上,因此两个矩形有同一中心。绕中心转过小角度 δ\delta 时,右边的接触点 (4,y)(4,y) 只有在 yδ0y\delta\geq0 时才向内移动,而上边的接触点 (u,3)(u,3) 只有在 uδ0u\delta\leq0 时才向内移动。因此,可松动矩形的两个偏移量异号;适当反射后,可将其连续顶点写成 (4,y),(x,3),(4,y),(x,3)(4,y),(-x,3),(-4,-y),(x,-3),其中 x,y0x,y\geq0。两条半对角线等长给出 16+y2=x2+916+y^2=x^2+9,所以 x2y2=7x^2-y^2=7。若其边长为 a,ba,b,则 a2+b2=4(16+y2),ab=24+2xy\begin{aligned}a^2+b^2&=4(16+y^2),\\ab&=24+2xy\end{aligned}\text{。}因此,其周长 Q=2(a+b)Q=2(a+b) 满足 Q2=4(a2+b2+2ab)=448+16y(y+x)448\begin{aligned}Q^2&=4(a^2+b^2+2ab)\\&=448+16y(y+x)\geq448\end{aligned}\text{。}y=0, x=7y=0,\ x=\sqrt7 时等号成立,此时矩形的边不与坐标轴平行,因而可以松动。所以最小周长为 448\sqrt{448},且 N=448N=448

Opposite vertices lie on opposite sides of the outer rectangle, so the two rectangles have the same center. For a small rotation through angle δ,\delta, a right-side contact at (4,y)(4,y) moves inward only if yδ0,y\delta\geq0, while a top-side contact at (u,3)(u,3) moves inward only if uδ0.u\delta\leq0. Thus an unstuck rectangle has opposite-signed offsets; after reflection, write its consecutive vertices as (4,y),(x,3),(4,y),(x,3)(4,y),(-x,3),(-4,-y),(x,-3) with x,y0.x,y\geq0. Equal half-diagonals give 16+y2=x2+9,16+y^2=x^2+9, so x2y2=7.x^2-y^2=7. If its side lengths are a,b,a,b, then a2+b2=4(16+y2),ab=24+2xy.\begin{aligned}a^2+b^2&=4(16+y^2),\\ab&=24+2xy.\end{aligned} Therefore its perimeter Q=2(a+b)Q=2(a+b) satisfies Q2=4(a2+b2+2ab)=448+16y(y+x)448.\begin{aligned}Q^2&=4(a^2+b^2+2ab)\\&=448+16y(y+x)\geq448.\end{aligned} Equality occurs at y=0, x=7,y=0,\ x=\sqrt7, which gives a non-axis-aligned, hence unstuck, rectangle. Thus the minimum perimeter is 448\sqrt{448} and N=448.N=448.

← 第 13 题#13
完整试卷

其他年份的第 14 题