1990 AIME 第 14 题

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14.

下图中的矩形 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=123AB=12\sqrt3BC=133BC=13\sqrt3。对角线 ACACBDBD 相交于 PP。若剪下并移除三角形 ABPABP,将边 APAPBPBP 接合,再沿线段 CPCPDPDP 折叠,就得到一个四个面均为等腰三角形的三棱锥。求该三棱锥的体积。

The rectangle ABCDABCD below has dimensions AB=123AB=12\sqrt3 and BC=133.BC=13\sqrt3. Diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at P.P. If triangle ABPABP is cut out and removed, edges APAP and BPBP are joined, and the figure is then creased along segments CPCP and DP,DP, we obtain a triangular pyramid, all four of whose faces are isosceles triangles. Find the volume of this pyramid.

答案:594
知识点:棱锥立体几何坐标几何
难度评级:2560
小提示:

APAPBPBP 接合后,顶点 AABB 合为一个顶点;求四面体的全部六条棱长

After APAP and BPBP are joined, vertices AA and BB become one vertex; determine all six edge lengths of the tetrahedron

大提示:

CCDD 和接合后的顶点置于同一坐标平面,再利用 PP 到另外三个顶点的距离相等来确定它的位置

Place C,C, D,D, and the joined vertex in one coordinate plane, then locate PP from its equal distances to the other vertices

解答:

折叠后,AABB 合为一个顶点 XX。矩形的每条半对角线长为 9392\frac{\sqrt{939}}{2}。因此 XP=CP=DP=9392XP=CP=DP=\frac{\sqrt{939}}2\text{,}XC=XD=133XC=XD=13\sqrt3,且 CD=123CD=12\sqrt3

C=(63,0,0),D=(63,0,0)\begin{aligned}C&=(-6\sqrt3,0,0),\\D&=(6\sqrt3,0,0)\end{aligned}\text{,}并令 X=(0,399,0)X=(0,\sqrt{399},0)。这些坐标使 XXCCDD 的距离符合要求。因为 PPCCDD 的距离相等,设 P=(0,u,h)P=(0,u,h)。令 PC2PC^2PX2PX^2 相等,得到 u=2912399u=\frac{291}{2\sqrt{399}}\text{。}再由 PC2=9394PC^2=\frac{939}{4}h2=5074u2=9801133h^2=\frac{507}{4}-u^2=\frac{9801}{133}\text{,}所以 h=99133h=\frac{99}{\sqrt{133}}

底面三角形 XCDXCD 的面积为 12(123)(399)=18133\frac12(12\sqrt3)(\sqrt{399})=18\sqrt{133}\text{。}因此三棱锥的体积为 13(18133)(99133)=594\frac13(18\sqrt{133})\left(\frac{99}{\sqrt{133}}\right)=594\text{。}

After folding, AA and BB become one vertex X.X. Each half-diagonal of the rectangle has length 9392.\frac{\sqrt{939}}{2}. Thus XP=CP=DP=9392,XP=CP=DP=\frac{\sqrt{939}}2, while XC=XD=133XC=XD=13\sqrt3 and CD=123.CD=12\sqrt3.

Place C=(63,0,0),D=(63,0,0),\begin{aligned}C&=(-6\sqrt3,0,0),\\D&=(6\sqrt3,0,0),\end{aligned} and X=(0,399,0).X=(0,\sqrt{399},0). These coordinates give the required lengths from XX to CC and D.D. Because PP is equidistant from CC and D,D, write P=(0,u,h).P=(0,u,h). Equating PC2PC^2 and PX2PX^2 gives u=2912399.u=\frac{291}{2\sqrt{399}}. Then PC2=9394PC^2=\frac{939}{4} yields h2=5074u2=9801133,h^2=\frac{507}{4}-u^2=\frac{9801}{133}, so h=99133.h=\frac{99}{\sqrt{133}}.

The base triangle XCDXCD has area 12(123)(399)=18133.\frac12(12\sqrt3)(\sqrt{399})=18\sqrt{133}. Therefore the pyramid’s volume is 13(18133)(99133)=594.\frac13(18\sqrt{133})\left(\frac{99}{\sqrt{133}}\right)=594.

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