1995 AIME 第 14 题

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14.

在一个半径为 4242 的圆中,两条长度均为 7878 的弦相交于一点,该点到圆心的距离为 1818。这两条弦把圆的内部分成四个区域。其中两个区域由长度不等的线段围成,每个区域的面积都能唯一地写成 mπndm\pi-n\sqrt d,其中 mmnndd 是正整数,并且 dd 不被任何素数的平方整除。求 m+n+dm+n+d

In a circle of radius 42,42, two chords of length 7878 intersect at a point whose distance from the center is 18.18. The two chords divide the interior of the circle into four regions. Two of these regions are bordered by segments of unequal lengths, and the area of either of them can be expressed uniquely in the form mπnd,m\pi-n\sqrt d, where m,m, n,n, and dd are positive integers and dd is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+d.m+n+d.

答案:378
知识点:扇形坐标几何
难度评级:2650
小提示:

每条弦到圆心的距离都是 939\sqrt3,据此确定经过交点的直线的两个可能方向

Each chord is 939\sqrt3 from the center, so determine the two possible line directions through the intersection point

大提示:

长度不等的弦段分别长 30304848,它们的端点在圆心所张的角为 6060^\circ

The unequal chord segments have lengths 3030 and 48,48, and their endpoints subtend 6060^\circ at the center

解答:

将圆心置于 O=(0,0)O=(0,0),并将交点置于 P=(18,0)P=(18,0)。长度为 7878 的弦到 OO 的距离为 939\sqrt3,所以经过 PP 且包含这样一条弦的直线与 OPOP 所成的角为 6060^\circ120120^\circ。沿任一条直线求解,都得到弦段长为 30304848

对于任一个由不等长线段围成的区域,两个弧端点在 OO 处所张的角为 6060^\circ。其面积等于扇形面积减去 OAB\triangle OAB 的面积,再加上 PAB\triangle PAB 的面积:60360π(42)212(42)2sin60+12(30)(48)sin60=294π813\begin{aligned}\frac{60}{360}\pi(42)^2&-\frac12(42)^2\sin60^\circ\\&+\frac12(30)(48)\sin60^\circ\\&=294\pi-81\sqrt3\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 m+n+d=378m+n+d=378

Put the center at O=(0,0)O=(0,0) and the intersection at P=(18,0).P=(18,0). A length-7878 chord is 939\sqrt3 from O,O, so a line through PP containing such a chord makes angle 6060^\circ or 120120^\circ with OP.OP. Solving along either line gives segment lengths 3030 and 48.48.

For either region bordered by unequal segments, the two arc endpoints subtend 6060^\circ at O.O. Its area is the sector minus OAB\triangle OAB plus PAB:\triangle PAB: 60360π(42)212(42)2sin60+12(30)(48)sin60=294π813.\begin{aligned}\frac{60}{360}\pi(42)^2&-\frac12(42)^2\sin60^\circ\\&+\frac12(30)(48)\sin60^\circ\\&=294\pi-81\sqrt3.\end{aligned} Hence m+n+d=378.m+n+d=378.

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