2014 AIME II 第 14 题

先试着解答 2014 AIME II 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2014 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

在 △ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=10AB = 10、∠A=30∘\angle A = 30^\circ、∠C=45∘\angle C = 45^\circ。设 HH、DD 和 MM 是直线 BC‾\overline{BC} 上的点,满足 AH‾⊥BC‾\overline{AH} \perp \overline{BC}、∠BAD=∠CAD\angle BAD = \angle CAD,且 BM=CMBM = CM。点 NN 是线段 HM‾\overline{HM} 的中点,点 PP 在射线 ADAD 上且 PN‾⊥BC‾\overline{PN} \perp \overline{BC}。于是 AP2=mnAP^2 = \frac{m}{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n。

In △ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=10,AB = 10, ∠A=30∘,\angle A = 30^\circ, and ∠C=45∘.\angle C = 45^\circ. Let H,H, D,D, and MM be points on line BC‾\overline{BC} such that AH‾⊥BC‾,\overline{AH} \perp \overline{BC}, ∠BAD=∠CAD,\angle BAD = \angle CAD, and BM=CM.BM = CM. Point NN is the midpoint of segment HM‾,\overline{HM}, and point PP is on ray ADAD such that PN‾⊥BC‾.\overline{PN} \perp \overline{BC}. Then AP2=mn,AP^2 = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:77
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径角平分线正弦定理中点
难度评级:3160
小提示:

将射线 ADAD 延长到外接圆:它在弧 BCBC 的中点 EE 处再次相交,而该点到直线 BCBC 的投影正好是 MM。

Extend ray ADAD to the circumcircle: it meets it at the midpoint EE of arc BC,BC, whose projection onto line BCBC is exactly MM

大提示:

因为 NN 是 HM‾\overline{HM} 的中点,所以 PP 是 AE‾\overline{AE} 的中点。用正弦定理在三角形 ABEABE 中求 AEAE。

Since NN is the midpoint of HM‾,\overline{HM}, PP is the midpoint of AE‾.\overline{AE}. Find AEAE from triangle ABEABE with the law of sines.

解答:

设射线 ADAD 与 △ABC\triangle ABC 的外接圆再次交于 EE。因为 ADAD 平分角 AA,点 EE 是弧 BCBC 的中点,所以 EE 在 BC‾\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线上,并投影到直线 BCBC 上的点 MM。共线点 AA、PP、EE 到直线 BCBC 的投影分别为 HH、NN、MM,而投影保持同一直线上的比例;由于 NN 是 HM‾\overline{HM} 的中点,点 PP 是 AE‾\overline{AE} 的中点。

这里 ∠B=105∘\angle B = 105^\circ,且 ∠CBE=∠CAE=15∘\angle CBE = \angle CAE = 15^\circ(都对着弧 CECE),所以 ∠ABE=120∘\angle ABE = 120^\circ。又 ∠AEB=∠ACB=45∘\angle AEB = \angle ACB = 45^\circ(都对着弧 ABAB)。在 △ABE\triangle ABE 中由正弦定理得到 AE=AB⋅sin⁡∠ABEsin⁡∠AEB=10⋅sin⁡120∘sin⁡45∘=56。 \begin{aligned} AE &= AB \cdot \frac{\sin \angle ABE}{\sin \angle AEB} \\ &= 10 \cdot \frac{\sin 120^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} \\ &= 5\sqrt{6} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 AP=12AE=562AP = \frac{1}{2} AE = \frac{5\sqrt{6}}{2},所以 AP2=752AP^2 = \frac{75}{2},且 m+n=75+2=77m + n = 75 + 2 = 77。

Let ray ADAD meet the circumcircle of △ABC\triangle ABC again at E.E. Since ADAD bisects angle A,A, the point EE is the midpoint of arc BC,BC, so EE lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC‾\overline{BC} and projects onto line BCBC at M.M. The projections of the collinear points A,A, P,P, EE onto line BCBC are H,H, N,N, M,M, and projection preserves ratios along a line; since NN is the midpoint of HM‾,\overline{HM}, point PP is the midpoint of AE‾.\overline{AE}.

Here ∠B=105∘,\angle B = 105^\circ, and ∠CBE=∠CAE=15∘\angle CBE = \angle CAE = 15^\circ (both subtend arc CECE), so ∠ABE=120∘.\angle ABE = 120^\circ. Also ∠AEB=∠ACB=45∘\angle AEB = \angle ACB = 45^\circ (both subtend arc ABAB). The law of sines in △ABE\triangle ABE gives AE=AB⋅sin⁡∠ABEsin⁡∠AEB=10⋅sin⁡120∘sin⁡45∘=56. \begin{aligned} AE &= AB \cdot \frac{\sin \angle ABE}{\sin \angle AEB} \\ &= 10 \cdot \frac{\sin 120^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} \\ &= 5\sqrt{6}. \end{aligned}

Therefore AP=12AE=562,AP = \frac{1}{2} AE = \frac{5\sqrt{6}}{2}, so AP2=752AP^2 = \frac{75}{2} and m+n=75+2=77.m + n = 75 + 2 = 77.

第 13 题#13
完整试卷

其他年份的第 14 题