1991 AIME 第 14 题

先试着解答 1991 AIME 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1991 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

一个六边形内接于圆。它的五条边长为 8181,第六条边记为 AB\overline{AB},长为 3131。求从 AA 出发可作的三条对角线的长度之和。

A hexagon is inscribed in a circle. Five of the sides have length 8181 and the sixth, denoted by AB,\overline{AB}, has length 31.31. Find the sum of the lengths of the three diagonals that can be drawn from A.A.

答案:384
知识点:三角恒等式三角学
难度评级:2710
小提示:

设每条长为 8181 的边所对的圆心角为 2u2u,并令 t=2cosut=2\cos u

Let 2u2u be the central angle subtended by each side of length 8181, and set t=2cosut=2\cos u

大提示:

tt 表示 sin(5u)sinu\frac{\sin(5u)}{\sin u} 以及三条对角线的长度比。

Express sin(5u)sinu\frac{\sin(5u)}{\sin u} and the three diagonal ratios in terms of tt

解答:

设每条长为 8181 的边所对的圆心角为 2u2u,并令 t=2cosut=2\cos u。剩余弧的半角为 π5u\pi-5u,因此由弦长之比可得 3181=sin5usinu=t43t2+1\begin{aligned}\frac{31}{81}&=\frac{\sin5u}{\sin u}\\&=t^4-3t^2+1\end{aligned}\text{。}由此得到 t2=259t^2=\frac{25}{9}29\frac{2}{9}。因为 5u<π5u<\pi,所以 t>2cos36t>2\cos36^\circ,从而 t=53t=\frac{5}{3}

AA 出发的三条对角线所对的较小圆心角分别与 2u2u3u3u4u4u 相同。以长为 8181 的边为基准,它们的长度比分别为 sin2usinu=t,sin3usinu=t21,sin4usinu=t32t\begin{aligned}\frac{\sin2u}{\sin u}&=t,\\\frac{\sin3u}{\sin u}&=t^2-1,\\\frac{\sin4u}{\sin u}&=t^3-2t\end{aligned}\text{。}因此它们的长度之和为 81(t3+t2t1)=81(12827)=384\begin{aligned}81(t^3+t^2-t-1)&=81\left(\frac{128}{27}\right)\\&=384\end{aligned}\text{。}

Let 2u2u be the central angle subtended by each 8181-side, and put t=2cosu.t=2\cos u. The remaining arc has half-angle π5u,\pi-5u, so the chord ratio gives 3181=sin5usinu=t43t2+1.\begin{aligned}\frac{31}{81}&=\frac{\sin5u}{\sin u}\\&=t^4-3t^2+1.\end{aligned} This yields t2=259t^2=\frac{25}{9} or 29.\frac{2}{9}. Because 5u<π,5u<\pi, we have t>2cos36,t>2\cos36^\circ, so t=53.t=\frac{5}{3}.

The three diagonals from AA subtend the same minor angles as 2u,2u, 3u,3u, and 4u.4u. Relative to an 8181-side, their length ratios are sin2usinu=t,sin3usinu=t21,sin4usinu=t32t.\begin{aligned}\frac{\sin2u}{\sin u}&=t,\\\frac{\sin3u}{\sin u}&=t^2-1,\\\frac{\sin4u}{\sin u}&=t^3-2t.\end{aligned} Their sum is therefore 81(t3+t2t1)=81(12827)=384.\begin{aligned}81(t^3+t^2-t-1)&=81\left(\frac{128}{27}\right)\\&=384.\end{aligned}

← 第 13 题#13
完整试卷

其他年份的第 14 题