1993 AIME 第 15 题

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15.

CH\overline{CH}ABC\triangle ABC 的一条高。设 RRSS 为两个切点:三角形 ACHACHBCHBCH 的内切圆分别在这两点与 CH\overline{CH} 相切。若 AB=1995AB=1995AC=1994AC=1994BC=1993BC=1993,则 RSRS 可表示为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质整数。求 m+nm+n

Let CH\overline{CH} be an altitude of ABC.\triangle ABC. Let RR and SS be the points where the circles inscribed in the triangles ACHACH and BCHBCH are tangent to CH.\overline{CH}. If AB=1995,AB=1995, AC=1994,AC=1994, and BC=1993,BC=1993, then RSRS can be expressed as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime integers. Find m+n.m+n.

答案:997
知识点:高线内切圆、内心与内切圆半径余弦定理
难度评级:2560
小提示:

利用相应直角三角形的半周长,表示 HH 到各切点的距离

Express the distance from HH to each tangency point using the semiperimeter of its right triangle

大提示:

不先计算高,直接由边长求出 AHBHAH-BH

Find AHBHAH-BH from the side lengths without first computing the altitude

解答:

h=CHh=CH。在直角三角形 ACHACH 中,从 HH 到内切圆切点的切线长为 AH+hAC2\frac{AH+h-AC}{2};在三角形 BCHBCH 中,该长度为 BH+hBC2\frac{BH+h-BC}{2}。因此 RS=12AHBHAC+BC\begin{aligned}RS&=\frac12\left|AH-BH\right.\\&\qquad\left.-AC+BC\right|\end{aligned}\text{。}投影公式给出 AHBH=AC2BC2AB=19942199321995=39871995\begin{aligned}AH-BH&=\frac{AC^2-BC^2}{AB}\\&=\frac{1994^2-1993^2}{1995}\\&=\frac{3987}{1995}\end{aligned}\text{。}由于 ACBC=1AC-BC=1RS=12(398719951)=332665RS=\frac12\left(\frac{3987}{1995}-1\right)=\frac{332}{665}\text{。}所以 m+n=332+665=997m+n=332+665=997

Let h=CH.h=CH. In right triangle ACH,ACH, the tangent length from HH to its incircle is AH+hAC2;\frac{AH+h-AC}{2}; in triangle BCH,BCH, it is BH+hBC2.\frac{BH+h-BC}{2}. Hence RS=12AHBHAC+BC.\begin{aligned}RS&=\frac12\left|AH-BH\right.\\&\qquad\left.-AC+BC\right|.\end{aligned} The projection formula gives AHBH=AC2BC2AB=19942199321995=39871995.\begin{aligned}AH-BH&=\frac{AC^2-BC^2}{AB}\\&=\frac{1994^2-1993^2}{1995}\\&=\frac{3987}{1995}.\end{aligned} Since ACBC=1,AC-BC=1, RS=12(398719951)=332665.RS=\frac12\left(\frac{3987}{1995}-1\right)=\frac{332}{665}. Thus m+n=332+665=997.m+n=332+665=997.

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