1994 AIME 第 15 题

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15.

给定一点 PP,它位于三角形纸片 ABCABC 上。考虑把 AABBCC 分别折到 PP 上时形成的折痕。若这些折痕互不相交,就称 PPABC\triangle ABC 的折叠点;除非 PP 是某个顶点,否则共有三条折痕。已知 AB=36AB=36AC=72AC=72,且 B=90\angle B=90^\circ。那么,ABC\triangle ABC 的所有折叠点所成区域的面积可写成 qπrsq\pi-r\sqrt s,其中 qqrrss 是正整数,并且 ss 不被任何素数的平方整除。求 q+r+sq+r+s

Given a point PP on a triangular piece of paper ABC,ABC, consider the creases that are formed in the paper when A,A, B,B, and CC are folded onto P.P. Let us call PP a fold point of ABC\triangle ABC if these creases, which number three unless PP is one of the vertices, do not intersect. Suppose that AB=36,AB=36, AC=72,AC=72, and B=90.\angle B=90^\circ. Then the area of the set of all fold points of ABC\triangle ABC can be written in the form qπrs,q\pi-r\sqrt s, where q,q, r,r, and ss are positive integers and ss is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is q+r+s?q+r+s?

答案:597
知识点:折纸垂直平分线面积分割
难度评级:2840
小提示:

两条折痕相交于由 PP 和对应两个顶点组成的三角形的外心

Two fold creases meet at the circumcenter of the triangle formed by PP and the corresponding two vertices

大提示:

折叠点轨迹是以 ABABBCBC 为直径的两个圆盘的交集

The fold-point locus is the intersection of the disks with diameters ABAB and BCBC

解答:

对应两个顶点的折痕相交于它们与 PP 所成三角形的外心。当且仅当 PP 点处的角为钝角时,这个交点位于纸片外。因此,折叠点轨迹是分别以 ABABBCBCCACA 为直径的三个圆盘的交集。以 CACA 为直径的圆盘包含整个直角三角形,所以只需保留以 ABABBCBC 为直径的两个圆盘的交集。

这里 BC=722362=363BC=\sqrt{72^2-36^2}=36\sqrt3。两个相关圆的半径分别为 181818318\sqrt3,它们的透镜形交集由圆心角分别为 120120^\circ6060^\circ 的两个弓形组成。其面积为 (π318212182sin120)+(π6(183)212(183)2sin60)=270π3243\begin{aligned}&\left(\frac\pi3\cdot18^2\right.\\&\qquad\left.-\frac12\cdot18^2\sin120^\circ\right)\\&+\left(\frac\pi6(18\sqrt3)^2\right.\\&\qquad\left.-\frac12(18\sqrt3)^2\sin60^\circ\right)\\&=270\pi-324\sqrt3\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 q+r+sq+r+s 等于 270+324+3=597270+324+3=597

The creases for two vertices meet at the circumcenter of the triangle formed with P.P. This intersection lies off the paper exactly when the angle at PP is obtuse, so the fold-point locus is the intersection of the three diameter disks for AB,AB, BC,BC, and CA.CA. The CACA disk contains the entire right triangle, leaving the intersection of the ABAB and BCBC disks.

Here BC=722362=363.BC=\sqrt{72^2-36^2}=36\sqrt3. The two relevant radii are 1818 and 183,18\sqrt3, and their lens consists of circular segments with central angles 120120^\circ and 60.60^\circ. Its area is (π318212182sin120)+(π6(183)212(183)2sin60)=270π3243.\begin{aligned}&\left(\frac\pi3\cdot18^2\right.\\&\qquad\left.-\frac12\cdot18^2\sin120^\circ\right)\\&+\left(\frac\pi6(18\sqrt3)^2\right.\\&\qquad\left.-\frac12(18\sqrt3)^2\sin60^\circ\right)\\&=270\pi-324\sqrt3.\end{aligned} Thus q+r+sq+r+s equals 270+324+3=597.270+324+3=597.

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